Diagnostic imaging is essential for optimal staging in malignant lymphoma, as blind biopsies appear to have low sensitivity for bone marrow infiltration because of frequent involvement in noncrest marrow. both imaging modalities show a high rate of detection of bone marrow infiltration.

We describe the case of a 25-year-old Caucasian woman suffering from unilateral enlargement of the breast. Morphologic evaluation of various imaging modalities including mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a benign tumor embedded in stromal tissue. The time course of the Gd-DTPA uptake in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, however, was also compatible with a malignant lesion. Postoperative pathological examination revealed multiple giant fibroadenomas, a rare disease, usually encountered in black female adolescents. Radiologic presentation, differential diagnosis, and morphologic findings are discussed, and a review of the literature is contained herein.

We conclude that sinus venous thrombosis should be considered as a cause of neurological symptoms in patients after transplantation under immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is rapidly confirmed by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging angiography. Therapeutic heparinization is the treatment of choice.

Single CT criteria are not reliable enough to differentiate benign from malignant adrenal lesions: better results are achieved by using our scoring system.

Lymph node histology and staging with cross sectional imaging remains basis for the treatment planning in primary malignant lymphoma. Contrast enhanced computed tomography is considered to be gold standard. However, MRI is equally able to provide staging and follow up in the same quality as helical CT, as several studies and clinical experience show. MRI is considered as the superior imaging modality for extranodal lymphoma. Advantages of MRI are that it works without ionizing radiation and contrast media;however, MRI is more expensive and time consuming. However, both imaging modalities are limited by the fact that the differentiation of affected and non affected lymph nodes is based on size only. Also the results of recent clinical studies with USPIOs (SINEREM((R):)) for intravenous MR lymphography in primary malignant lymphoma do not look promising. Despite these disadvantages of MRI, for young patients with malignant lymphoma radiation protection should be taken into account because of frequent imaging in staging and follow up.