Injection of an aromatase inhibitor before gonadal sex differentiation can induce female-to-male sex reversal in chicken, but a higher dose could reduce hatchability. In the present study, the dosage effect of Fadrozole, a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, on gonadal differentiation was analyzed in sex-reversed genetic female chicken. There was no significant difference for the hatchability among low-dose (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg) Fadrozole-injected groups and control groups (p > 0.05), but in high-dose groups (1.0 mg and 1.3 mg) the hatchability was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Complete phenotypic sex reversal was observed in both high- and low- dose groups, with more than 90% of genetic females reversed into phenotypic male chicks. The degree of gonadal differentiation in 124 chicken at 30 weeks of age was classified into 5 categories according to the visual appearance and histological structure of the gonads. Category I and V were standard ovary and testis, respectively, while category II, III, and IV represented gonads of slightly, moderately, and highly sex-reversed females, respectively. Most gonads in low-dose groups were classified into category I, II, and III, while those in high-dose groups were mainly category IV. The serum testosterone levels in the 1.3 mg group were significantly higher and the estradiol levels lower than those in low-dose groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the range from 0.5 to 1.0 mg Fadrozole is a key interval for survival of chicken embryos. The gonadal differentiation in sex-reversed females at 30 weeks of age is highly dependent on the dose of Fadrozole injected prior to gonadal sex differentiation.

We present the general properties of multihadron final states produced by e + e annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 52 to 57 GeV in the AMY detector at the KEK collider TRISTAN. Global shape, inclusive charged-particle, and particle-flow distributions are presented. Our measurements are compared with QCDS-fragmentation models that use either leading-logarithmic parton-shower evolution or QCD matrix elements at the parton level, and either string or cluster fragmentation for hadronization.

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The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is a major component of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Array Observatory (LHAASO), a new generation cosmic-ray experiment with unprecedented sensitivity, currently under construction. WCDA is aimed at the study of TeV -rays. In order to evaluate the prospects of searching for TeV -ray sources with WCDA, we present a projection of the one-year sensitivity of WCDA to TeV -ray sources from TeVCat using an all-sky approach. Out of 128 TeVCat sources observable by WCDA up to a zenith angle of , we estimate that 42 would be detectable in one year of observations at a median energy of 1 TeV. Most of them are Galactic sources, and the extragalactic sources are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).

Summary Sex steroid changes during temperature‐induced gonadal differentiation were evaluated in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Larvae were reared at 21 ± 0.5°C, 24 ± 0.5°C and 28 ± 0.5°C from day 40 post‐hatching (dph) to 90 dph. The proportion of males was 61.1, 76.7, 87.8 and 47.8% in 21°C, 24°C, 28°C and in control groups, respectively. Gonadal differentiation was circa 65 dph, when fishes were a mean 39 mm total length (TL). The gonads developed faster when fishes were reared in higher temperatures. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) analyses indicated that the level of estradiol‐17β (E2) changed during the period of gonadal differentiation and peaked at an onset of ovarian differentiation in all groups. Compared with fish in control groups, the levels of E2 were lower in thermal‐treated groups, especially in the highest temperature groups. The present results indicate that E2 plays a major role in the process of ovarian differentiation, and suggest that temperature‐induced masculinization in P. olivaceus is mainly due to a decrease in the E2 level during the period of ovarian differentiation.