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The velocity of a ∼3 GeV neutrino beam is measured by comparing detection times at the Near and Far detectors of the MINOS experiment, separated by 734 km. A total of 473 Far Detector neutrino events was used to measure (v − c)/c = 5.1 ± 2.9 × 10 −5 (at 68% C.L.). By correlating the measured energies of 258 charged-current neutrino events to their arrival times at the Far Detector, a limit is imposed on the neutrino mass of mν < 50 MeV/c 2 (99% C.L.).

10 ÿ3 eV 2 =c 4 and sin 2 2 > 0:87 at 68% confidence level.

The 5V spinel LinormalMn1.5normalNi0.42normalZn0.08normalO4 with a cation-disordered structure has been surface modified with 2wt% nanosize normalAl2normalO3 , ZnO, and normalBi2normalO3 by an electrostatic self-assembly method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Although the modifications do not change the crystallographic structure of the spinel sample, the surface-modified samples exhibit better cyclability, rate capability, and rate capability retention on cycling compared to the bare LinormalMn1.5normalNi0.42normalZn0.08normalO4 . Among the various samples investigated, the surface modification with normalAl2normalO3 gives the best electrochemical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the improved performance on surface modification is due to a suppression of both the surface layer resistance and charge transfer resistance.