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We investigate the transient optical response in high-quality Cd 0.88 Zn 0.12 Te crystals in the regime of slow light propagation on the lower exciton-polariton branch. Femtosecond photoexcitation leads to very substantial transmission changes in a ∼10-meV broad spectral range within the transparency window of the unexcited semiconductor. These nonlinear optical signatures decay on picosecond time scales governed by carrier thermalization and recombination. The temporal and spectral dependence indicate the dynamical optical response as arising from excitation-induced dephasing and perturbed free induction decay. Model simulations for the optical response taking into account the actual exciton-polariton dispersion and excitation-induced dephasing of a nonlinearly driven two-level system support this interpretation.

We implement a versatile concept to time-resolve optical nonlinearities of semiconductors in amplitude and phase. A probe pulse transmitted through the optically pumped sample is superimposed with first subharmonic spectral components derived from the same laser source. This effective ω/2ω pulse pair induces a coherently controlled current in a time-integrating semiconductor detector. Current interferograms obtained by scanning the ω/2ω time delay then reveal the electric field of the 2ω part as well as its pump-induced modifications. As a paradigm we analyze the excitonic optical nonlinearity of a CdTe thin film at frequencies around 385 THz. We then move on to resolve the pump-induced amplitude- and phase-distortions of a probe pulse related to two-photon absorption and cross-phase modulation in ZnSe.

Up to 400 mW of near-IR (1370-1500 nm) femtosecond pulses are generated from an optical parametric amplifier directly driven by a Yb:fiber oscillator delivering 100 fs pulses at 1036 nm. The process is seeded by a stable supercontinuum obtained from a photonic crystal fiber. We use a single pass through a 3 mm, magnesium oxide-doped, periodically poled LiNbO₃ downconversion crystal to produce a near-IR pulse train with a remarkable power stability of 1.4% (RMS) during one hour. Tuning is achieved by the temperature and the poling period of the nonlinear crystal.

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