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Myracrodruon urundeuva is a tree species of the family Anacardiaceae, native from the northeast, southeast and midewest regions of Brazil, locally known as aroeira. Because of its long history of predatory exploitation, this species is has been lately classified as vulnerable to extinction. The present work had as objective to evaluate the genetic diversity of potential mother trees of M. urundeuva using ISSR molecular markers in order to subsidize the collection of seeds with large genetic diversity. The selected trees are located in the forest reserve of Brita Guia, in the municipality of Cuiabá – MT, Brazil. Of the 20 ISSR primers tested, seven were selected to characterize genetic variability. The total amplified fragments were 116, with a percentage of 99.15% polymorphism. The individuals presented Nei's genetic diversity (He) of 0.2706 and Shannon's diversity index (I) of 0.4226. The UPGMA grouping method revealed the existence of two large groups among the individuals, which could be considered to perform seed collection among divergent genotypes.

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