No abstract

In this study, polyurethane (PU)/nano-silica nancomposite foams were prepared. The effects of isocyanate index, cell size, density, and molecular weight of polyols on the sound absorption ratio of PU/nano-silica foams were investigated. With increasing nano-silica content, the sound absorption ratio of PU/nano-silica foams increases over the entire frequency range investigated in this study. Decrease of isocyanate index, cell size, and increase of density leads to the increase of sound absorption ratio of PU/ nano-silica foams. PU/nano-silica foams have a broad T g centered around room temperature by decreasing molecular weight of polyol resulting in good sound absorbing ability.

No abstract

No abstract

The open circuit voltage (OCV) is widely used to estimate the state of charge (SOC) in many SOC estimation algorithms. But the relationship between the OCV and SOC can not be exactly same for all batteries. Because the conventional OCV-SOC differs between batteries, there is a problem in that the OCV-SOC data should be measured to accurately estimate the SOC in different batteries. Therefore, the conventional OCV-SOC should be modified. In this paper, a new OCV-SOC that is independent of the battery conditions is proposed. Thus, problems resulting from the defects of the EKF can be avoided by preventing the OCV-SOC data from varying. In this paper, the SOC and battery capacity are estimated using the dual EKF with the proposed OCV-SOC.