The present study aims to demonstrate the reality of the ineffectiveness of the act N. 7.802 / 89 (The Agrochemical Legislation), especially in São Francisco Valley, more specifically in Petrolina / Juazeiro cities, whose main economic activity is the irrigated agriculture and reach, currently, one of the highest rates of export of fruits in the country. Moreover, it aims to demonstrate, through data, the direct and indirect consequences of the misuse of pesticides on the health of its citizens and on the environment, appealing for greater professional training in this area, as well as social changes as ways of tackling the problem.