A millenary building material that has been used in many cultures is “adobe”. In the Peruvian Andean regions during the winter, the temperature decreases drastically (+5 to -15°C), affecting the health of people of vulnerable age, agriculture and bovine livestock. Bioclimatic techniques must be considered to provide a comfortable thermal environment in the interior of housing. Furthermore, knowing the thermal conductivity of the elements that compose the houses allows us to perform thermal exchange simulations before construction is developed. Specifically, in this investigation, the thermal conductivity of adobe with and without Stipa ichu was measured as 0.371 W/m K and 0.349 W/m K, respectively, considering the norm ASTM C177 for that purpose. The mechanical behavior is as important as the thermal properties, and a value of 2.41 N/mm2 was obtained for unit compression. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mages of adobe samples were evaluated to investigate the internal composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the type of clay present. According to these results, our adobe has favorable thermal and mechanical performance.
The characterization of the thermal insulation properties of construction materials represents a fundamental step on building insulation assessment. The present work aims to design and build a portable apparatus, namely, Portable LAMBDA UNI, capable of measuring the thermal conductivity of insulation materials. This portable apparatus is based on the standard ASTM C 518, which is a secondary method for measuring thermal conductivity. The apparatus also measures the effective thermal conductivity of square prism thermal insulation materials of 60 mm per side and a maximum thickness of 14 mm. The thermal conductivity of the drywall and adobe with Stipa ichu was measured with the Portable LAMBDA UNI, with the values being 0.265 W m−1 K−1and 0.357 W m−1 K−1, respectively.
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