Background Wound classification systems are useful tools to characterise diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) and are utilised for the purpose of clinical assessment, to promote effective communication between health professionals, and to support clinical audit and benchmarking. Australian guidelines regarding wound classification in patients with DFU are outdated. We aimed to adapt existing international guidelines for wound classification to develop new evidence-based Australian guidelines for wound classification in people with diabetes and DFU. Methods Recommended NHRMC procedures were followed to adapt suitable International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) guidelines on wound classification to the Australian health context. Five IWGDF wound classification recommendations were evaluated and assessed according to the ADAPTE and GRADE systems. We compared our judgements with IWGDF judgements to decide if recommendations should be adopted, adapted or excluded in an Australian context. We re-evaluated the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation ratings, provided justifications for the recommendation and outlined any special considerations for implementation, subgroups, monitoring and future research in an Australian setting. Results After the five recommendations from the IWGDF 2019 guidelines on the classification of DFUs were evaluated by the panel, two were adopted and three were adapted to be more suitable for Australia. The main reasons for adapting, were to align the recommendations to existing Australian standards of care, especially in specialist settings, to maintain consistency with existing recommendations for documentation, audit and benchmarking and to be more appropriate, acceptable and applicable to an Australian context. In Australia, we recommend the use of the SINBAD system as a minimum standard to document the characteristics of a DFU for the purposes of communication among health professionals and for regional/national/international audit. In contrast to the IWGDF who recommend against usage, in Australia we recommend caution in the use of existing wound classification systems to provide an individual prognosis for a person with diabetes and a foot ulcer. Conclusions We have developed new guidelines for wound classification for people with diabetes and a foot ulcer that are appropriate and applicable for use across diverse care settings and geographical locations in Australia.

As regards the structure of the climate for empowerment as construct, Scott and Jaffe (1992) mentioned that in working with organisations to improve the climate of empowerment, the following qualities were listed repeatedly: clarity of purpose, morale, fairness, recognition, team-work, participation, communication and a healthy environment.The context of the present study: A local government environment. The mindset within the traditional bureaucracy, according to Brown and Brown (1994), is almost entirely foreign to ideas of empowerment. Empowerment rejects a mindset of highly controlled, scarcely involved, authoritarian culture of rules and procedures, and the presumption that "management knows best". These mindsets may cripple an organisation such as a local government that has indicated a movement away from bureaucracy (traditionally associated with government institutions) toward becoming a participative and customerdriven organisation (Egoli 2002(Egoli document, 2000. VANESSA J CLOETE F CROUS J M SCHEPERS Programme in Industrial Psychology Department of Human Resource ManagementRand Afrikaans University ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to construct and evaluate a scale of employee empowerment that may benefit organisational transformation. An Employee Empowerment Questionnaire consisting of 90 items was developed and administered to 164 respondents within a large metropolitan council. The study indicated that the Employee Empowerment Questionnaire is highly reliable (rxx=0,982) and sensitive to group differences. OPSOMMINGDie doel van die studie was om 'n skaal van werknemerbemagtiging vir organisasie-transformasiedoeleindes te konstrueer en te evalueer. 'n Werknemerbemagtigingsvraelys, bestaande uit 90 items is ontwikkel en toegepas op 164 respondente in 'n plaaslike owerheid. Die studie het aangedui dat die Werknemerbemagtigingsvraelys hoogs betroubaar (rxx=0,982) en sensitief vir groepsverskille is.

In the validation of tests used for selection purposes, the obtained validity coefficients are invariably underestimates of the true validities, due to explicit and implicit selection in respect of the relevant variables. Both explicit and implicit selection leads to restriction of range of the relevant variables, and this in turn reduces the obtained validites. A formal proof for this is given. A number of researchers have developed formulae for correcting sample validities in order to get better estimates of the true validities (Pearson/ 1903; Thorndike, 1949; Gulliksen, 1950; Rydberg, 1962 and Lord & Novick, 1968). It is, however, virtually impossible to obtain a complete view of the problem of restriction of range in this way. In the present paper a different approach has been followed: Population correlations have been computed for various degrees of truncation of the explicit selection variable. This has been done for population correlations ranging from 0,10 to 0,99. A graphical display, indicating the shrinkage of the population correlations for various truncation ratios, has been prepared.<p> <strong>Opsomming</strong> <br>In die geldigheidsbepaling van toetse wat vir keuringsdoeleindes gebruik word, is die verkree geldigheidskoeffisiente sender uitsondering onderskattings van die ware geldighede as gevolg van eksplisiete en implisiete keuring ten opsigte van die tersaaklike veranderlikes. Sowel eksplisiete as implisiete keuring lei tot inperking van die variasiewydte van die relevante veranderiikes, en dit reduseer om die beurt weer die verkree geldighede. 'n Formele bewys hiervoor word in die referaat gegee. 'n Aantal navorsers het formules ontwikkel om steekproefgeldighede te korrigeer ten einde beter beramings van die ware geldighede te verkry (Pearson/ 1903; horndike, 1949: Gulliksen, 1950; Rygberg, 1962 en Lord & Novick, 1968). Dit is egter bykans onmoontlik om op hierdie wyse 'n geheelbeeld van die probleem van inperking van variasiewydte te vorm. In die huidige referaat is 'n ander benadering gevolg: Populasiekorrelasies is bereken vir verskillende grade van afknotnng van die eksplisiete keuringsveranderlike. Dit is gedoen vir populasiekorrelasies wat wissel van 0/10 tot 0/99. Voorts is 'n grafiese voorstelling voorberei, wat die krimpring van die populasiekorrelasies vir verskillende afknottingsverhoudings, uitbeeld

In order to discover whether Management by Objectives could be used to create optimal experience in the workplace, two tests were constructed. These were a measure of Management by Objectives (42 items) and a measure of Optimal Experience (24 items). First and second-order factor analyses were performed on both inventories to identify the true factors. Item analyses were performed to verify the reliability of both instruments. Pearson Productmoment correlations were computed to assess the relationship between the constructs. The implications are discussed.<p> <strong>Opsomming</strong> <br>Ten einde te bepaal of Doelwitbestuur gebruik kan word om optimale ervaring in die hand te werk is twee toetse gekonstrueer, naamlik 'n meetinstrument van Doelwitbestuur (42 items) en 'n meetinstrument van Optimale Ervaring (24 items). Eerste en tweedeorde-faktorontledings is uitgevoer op altwee meetinstrumente om die ware faktore uit te haal. 'n Itemontleding is uitgevoer om die betroubaarheid van albei instrumente te bepaal. Pearson Produk-moment korrelasies is bereken om die verwantskap tussen die twee konstrukte te bepaal. Die implikasies van die bevindinge is bespreek

The relationship between learning process variables and study success. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the constructs “meaning orientation” (in-depth approach to study), “transformational conception” and “self-regulation” in the distance education context (TV– learning). A random sample of 1951 participants taken from a large financial institution yielded 263 usable questionnaires. The responses obtained to the 167 items were subjected to factor analysis and item analysis.<p> <strong>Opsomming</strong> <br>Die hoofdoel van die onderhawige studie was om te bepaal of daar ‘n verband tussen die konstrukte“betekenisoriëntasie"? (dieptebenadering tot leer), “transformasionele begrip"? en “selfregulering"? in die afstandsonderrigkonteks (TV-leer) bestaan. ‘n Ewekansige steekproef van 1951 deelnemers geneem uit ‘n groot finansiële instelling het 263 bruikbare vraelyste opgelewer. Die response op 167 items is aan faktor- en itemontledings onderwerp. Daarna is die interver-wantskappe tussen die leerprosesveranderlikes, naamlik “benadering tot leer"?, “begrip van leer"? en regulering-strategieë"? bepaal