Provision of parking space is a constant challenge in urban transport planning because streetscape is a limited resource and therefore highly contested between different uses. In Austria, building regulation competence is subsidiary appointed from the national level to nine provincial parliaments. This leads to nine different parking ordinances. Whereas historically all ordinances have been focusing only on car parking by means of rigid regulations, only recently selected provincial parliaments added detailed bicycle ordinances their building codes. After a detailed overview of the Austrian situation and selected international innovations, the authors identify long-run goals that parking organization in cities should aim at and suggest an improvement of parking ordinances so that city planners and city administrations will have at hand appropriate design tools for mobility regime improvement.

Public transport in the transition zone from cities to rural areas is increasingly becoming a focus from the financial and public service provision perspective. The (perceived) supply differences of rural and remote areas are on the agenda of policy discourse. Our survey studies the public transport supply of two districts and their municipalities in the region of Vienna, Austria, by using the parameters of service-opportunities, municipal population, acreage of settlement units and potential demand. Annual service-opportunities is a parameter recorded by the public transport authority of the Vienna region for every single station under its zone of influence. These parameters are analyzed to conclude that service-opportunities pose a viable entity for systematic public transport analysis and differences in supply of these two districts are in contrast to expectations. Finally, we address the need for future development of service-opportunities based analyses.

In the 1990s, Slovenia was part and neighbor of a series of disruptive events, undergoing a change from member state of a diverse socialist federation to a small, independent market economy country. These comprehensive changes were followed (or accompanied by) partially dramatic changes in the transport regime. In order to trace the change of the passenger railway service a method for the analysis and characterization of the timetable offer in public transport is developed and applied to ten timetable years between 1975 and 2015 on the main lines between Ljubljana, Maribor and Zagreb. This method is based on a cluster analysis of origin–destination relations with the three variables of daily direct connections, the number of trains with synchronized intervals as well as the overall regularity of travel times. In general, an overall increase of the quality of the rail service supply is shown, focusing on the decades from 1975 to the end of the 1990s. From 2000 to 2015 relatively little changes were identified. While a very dense offer was developed in regional traffic within the wider urban areas of Ljubljana, Celje and Maribor, the direct cross-border inter-city connections to/from Zagreb have been increasingly neglected. The example of the connection between Ljubljana and Maribor demonstrates the development towards a supply-oriented integral timetable until the 1990s. Thereafter, the timetable was thinned out and gradually developed with a demand-driven principle, where a higher train density was offered to Ljubljana in the morning and to Maribor in the afternoon.

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