URL: http://www-spht.cea.fr/articles/S93/017 http://fr.arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9303049International audienceWe report experimental observations of traveling waves in a pure fluid with a free surface situated in a long container submitted to a horizontal temperature gradient perpendicular to its large extension. Above a critical value of the gradient and depending on the height of liquid $ h, $ a source of waves is created in the container for small value of $ h, $ while the system exhibits stationary patterns for larger values of $ h. $ The spatio-temporal properties of the waves are studied and compared to theoretical predictions. ----- Ce court article résume les premiers résultats acquis dans cette nouvelle configuration longitudinale: comme dans les travaux précédents des mêmes auteurs, nous sommes dans le cas d'un canal horizontal rempli d'un liquide. Cette fois l'instabilité est provoquée par un gradient horizontal de température. La phénoménologie observée rappelle fortement le cas où le chauffage se fait à l'aide d'un fil conducteur placé sous la surface: un système d'ondes propagatives apparaît dès le seuil de l'instabilité, lequel subit ensuite des bifurcations l'amenant à une dynamique spatiotemporelle non-triviale. En dehors de la nouveauté indiscutable de ces résultats, c'est bien l'analogie avec le cas du fil chaud qui me paraît la plus prometteuse: elle montre la généralité de ces phénomènes, et permet d'espérer une clarification des véritables mécanismes à l'origine de l'instabilité dans un cas comme dans l'autre. Ce travail mérite d'être publié et poursuivi. \vskip 20mm \hfill{Huges Chaté
When a long hot wire is set horizontally just below the free surface of a liquid, propagative patterns are observed when the heat power, supplied electrically to the wire, exceeds a critical value Q,. The stability diagram, i.e. the dependence of Q, on the distance h of the wire from the surface, is determined. The spatial and temporal properties of the waves are studied in the plane of the two parameters Q and h, together with the influence of defects. The results agree very well with a phenomenological approach based on Ginzburg-Landau equations.
The coexistence of distinctly different patterns in Rayleigh-Bénard slot convection is presented. This state, which occurs at moderate Prandtl number (P) and high Rayleigh number (R), is characterized by two domains of convection rolls which differ considerably in local wavelength. The onset and behaviour of this state depends on the number of rolls in the slot (i.e. the average wavelength). One domain always consists of stationary long-wavelength rolls while the other domains consists of small-wavelength rolls which are either oscillating or stationary depending on the average wavelength and R.
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