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This paper discusses both Quality of Service (QoS) information signaling and IPTV traffic engineering options that may serve as key components of IPTV service-specific QoS policies, which are designed to accommodate with customers' requirements and constraints (such as access capabilities) as well as everchanging networking conditions that may possibly affect the level of quality associated to the delivery of such services.Index Terms-IP multicast, QoS signaling, quality of service, traffic engineering.

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The goal of this work is to provide uniform trans parent access to objects, be they local, remote, persis tent, or mobile. In this way, we facilitate distributed programming and persistence management.An object (the target) is accessed through a refer ence. A reference retains its meaning as it is copied, stored, passed in messages, and as the target migrates.A reference is used to invoke a procedure (or method) of the target object. References support standard single-space targets, as well as fragmented objects (9).The cost of using a reference to a local object is com parable to the cost of accessing the object through a pointer. In the implementation, a reference is a chain of links. Each link embodies a small piece of func tionality. A chain may be composed of an arbitrary number of Links.