A holistic model of wellness and prevention over the life span was presented by T. J. Sweeney and J. M. Witmer (1991) and J. M. Witmer and T. J. Sweeney (1992). Recent advances in research and theory related to wellness support modifications of the original model. The foundation for the model is examined, research related to each component is explored, and implications for use of the model as a basis for counseling interventions are presented.

A small percentage of our resources for health and human services is devoted to wellness and prevention of illness and social problems. An integrated paradigm for wellness and prevention over the life span is presented for the purpose of theory building, research, clinical application, education, advocacy, and consciousness raising. The model includes 11 characteristics desirable for optimal health and functioning. These characteristics are expressed through the five life tasks of spirituality, self‐regulation, work, friendship, and love. Life forces external to the person are noted to understand the interaction between the individual and societal institutions.

Wellness is a positive state of health that can be promoted in all counselors, impaired or not. This article discusses prevention from counselor preparation to clinical practice. Recommendations for preventing impairment are proposed for counselor education faculty, regulatory boards, employing organizations, and practicing counselors.

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