Introduction Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, that typically manifests in adulthood, clinically characterized by progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric/behavioural symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms are common in HD. The presentation of these symptoms is highly variable, and their course does not correlate with motor or cognitive disease progression. Psychiatric symptoms often precede motor onset by many years.ObjectivesThe authors intend to review the literature the most frequent psychiatric disorders in patients with HD.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature.ResultsPsychiatric symptoms have been a core feature of HD. Pre-symptomatic HD patients exhibit a greater prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, particularly affective disorders. This symptoms are presenting symptoms of HD in up to half of all people. In symptomatic HD patients, it is estimated that up to 73–98% of patients will have a major psychiatric disorder or psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric manifestations in HD include depression, irritability, apathy, anxiety, mania, perseverations, obsessions and psychosis. Cognitive changes include progressive deficits in attention, learning, executive and sensory functions, resulting in dementia. Depression, diagnosed in half of patients with HD, is the most common and earliest symptoms prior to the motor onset. There are likely multiple causes of the psychiatric symptoms, with underlying factors including a combination of neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, social and environmental factors.ConclusionsPatients with HD have high psychiatric comorbidity, that causes significant functional impairment and affect quality of life. Thus, they require a multidisciplinary approach in the recognition and treatment of psychiatric symptoms.

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We find that incremental budgeting still plays a major role on the funding of Portuguese museums, allowing for inefficient management and moral hazard: the interests of museums' management may diverge clearly from those of the authorities ruling them and from those of the general public. We also find that the ability to generate their own revenues plays no role in the funding allocated to museums every year. Budgeting is mainly determined by past operating costs. Policy changes seem to be advisable. The scarce relevance of museum patronage by the private sector makes a discussion of possible crowding out effects irrelevant in the current Portuguese context.

IntroductionThe emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has had a substantial impact worldwide. NPS mimic the effect of “existing” drugs and are specifically manufactured so that the new substances fall out of regulatory frameworks. Although the structural changes might be minimal, NPS often have marked differences in potency and subsequent harm.The population of the Azores archipelago has been particularly affected by the rapid growing and changing nature of this phenomenon, mainly caused by the introduction and spread of the “newly” synthetic cathinones as a inexpensive and easily available street drug.Before any educational, public health and socioeconomic policy changes be proposed to accurately tackle the problem, the basic step of knowing how these substances have been affecting their users, specially their neuropsychiatric effects, must be taken.ObjectivesThis project aims to characterize the neuropsychiatric side effects caused by the acute intoxication of NPS with a psychostimulant profile, namely synthetic cathinones.MethodsDescription of the neuropsychiatric symptoms of intoxicated users of stimulant NPS that present to non-governmental organizations specialized in addictions and also to the psychiatry emergency department in Sao Miguel - Azores.Review of the forensic records of the deaths by suicide in 2021 in Sao Miguel, looking for evidence of recent abuse of NPS or previous history of “NPS use disorder”.Non-systematic review of the recent and relevant scientific literature on this topic.ResultsThe desired effects are increased energy, mood enhancement, euphoria, mental clarity, improved concentration, improved sociability, increased talkativeness, empathy inducing effects, amplification of sound and colour and prosexual effects. Nevertheless, in the case of intoxication, the frequent neuropsychiatric side effects tend to be agitation, agressiveness, irritability, altered consciousness, brief psychosis with paranoid delusion, visual and auditive hallucinations, transient mania, enhanced sensorial experiences, headaches, dizzyness, seizures, confusion and amnesia. Usually, the acjute intoxication period tend to be followed by a “crash” with depression, craving, anxiety, panic, suicidal ideation and behaviours. A third of the deaths by suicides in Sao Miguel Island in 2021, 7 out of 21, were in stimulant NPS active or recent users.ConclusionsReview of the neuropsychiatric effects of New Psychoactive Substances with a psychostimulant profile. Further studies of this population of synthetic cathinone users in the Azores are due, namely studying their socioeconomic background, looking for risk and protective factors, and also the long-term side effects.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

IntroductionSubstance use disorders in adolescents are a growing problem worldwide. These disorders are often unrecognised, unvalued by families, society and clinicians and as a result underdiagnosed, with serious future consequences if improperly addressed.ObjectivesUpdated review of the recent literature on this topic.MethodsUnsystematic review of the most recent and relevant literature.ResultsReview of neurobiology, risk factors, co-morbidity, differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, evaluation and treatment of substance use disorders in adolescence.ConclusionsSubstance use disorder in adolescence includes a variety of behaviours related to the use of alcohol and/or drugs, for instance, inability to control substance use, impairment of function at school, home or work, interpersonal problems and hazardous use of substance. Further knowledge in identifying, early diagnosing and adequate intervention in adolescents’ substance use disorder may have paramount prognostic features.DisclosureNo significant relationships.