MarsIce House was the first place winner of NASA's 2015 Centennial Challenge to 3D print a habitat for Mars employing indigenous material resources. Unlike most traditional design concepts making use of Martian regolith, Mars Ice House makes use of subsurface ice in the construction of a full 3D printed habitat made out of solid H 2 O. Citing new evidence of the potential hazards of perchlorates in the Martian soil, working within NASA's "follow the water" approach to exploration, and stemming from a human centered design approach wanting to connect largely interior habitats to the light and vistas of the surrounding landscape for human psychological wellbeing, H 2 O serves as a radiation barrier, absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, while allowing light through in the visible spectrum. The resultant is a 1000ft 2 (92 m 2 ) translucent vertical habitat with a maximum of surface visibility allowing visible light into the interior of the habitat. The design covers all potential aspects of construction from water collection, concept of operations, and semi-autonomous robotic 3D printing, all which exploit the manipulation of pressure and temperature to build with phase change avoiding more laborious, high energy consuming building techniques and with potentially toxic materials such regolith. Investigating several potential methods, Mars Ice House was able to demonstrate scaled 3D printing of ice as well as use small-scale robotic technologies capable of building large-scale structures. Furthermore the design of Mars Ice House proposes spatial and scalable approaches to building with solid H 2 O as a primary building material that support human health and wellbeing.

Montes et al. | Análisis regional de frecuencia de avenidas en la vertiente cantábrica y noratlántica […] RESUMENEn el presente trabajo se ha desarrollado un modelo estadístico para estimar la frecuencia de caudales punta en la vertiente cantábrica y noratlántica de España, basándose en la metodología de Análisis Regional con sus parámetros estimados por los L-momentos (Hosking y Wallis, 1997). Para ello se ha contado con 85 puntos de aforo en régimen natural, con registros de caudal máximo anual entre los 15 y 72 años. Los resultados del estudio revelan la existencia de 9 regiones estadísticamente homogéneas, es decir, regiones que comparten la misma función de distribución de frecuencias excepto por un factor de escala. Como principales conclusiones del estudio cabe subrayar la distinción de regiones según su carácter pluvial o nival, así como la capacidad del modelo propuesto para estimar valores extremos de caudales punta con mayor robustez que otras metodologías