Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol esters constitute 30%yo of the low molecular weight derivatives of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in seeds of Zea mays.I14Cllndole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol was applied to a cut in the endosperm of the seed and found to be transported from endosperm-to shoot at 400 times the rate of transport of free IAA. The rate of transport of indole-3-acetylmyo-inositol from endosperm to shoot was 6.3 picomoles ?er shoot per hour and thus adequate to serve as the seed auxin precursor for the free IAA diffusing downward from the shoot tip. Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol is the first seed auxin precursor to be identified.Application of either 114CI[AA or 14C-indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol ester to the endosperm results in both free and esterified 114CIIAA in the seedling shoot. Esterification of free IAA and hydrolysis of indole-3-acetyl-myoinositol occurred in the shoot and not the endosperm yielding ratios of ester to free IAA which approximate the ratios of ester to free IAA normally found in corn shoot tissue. This proves, for the first time, that esterified fAA and free IAA are interconvertible in the growing shdot.Since free IAA may be limiting for plant growth, knowledge that the free hormone is in "equilibrium" with its conjugates suggests new methods for the control of plant growth.The structure and concentrations of all of the indolylic compounds of the kernels of Zea mays are known (1,13,16,33), and the compounds have been shown to be concentrated in the endosperm (26). The rate at which IAA is transported from endosperm to the seedling shoot has been determined (21), and it has been established that neither free IAA in the endosperm nor IAA derived from tryptophan of the endosperm moves to the seedling shoot at a rate sufficient to account for the IAA

No abstract

-Pesticide (vinclozolin, iprodione and methyl tiophanate) residues were determined in honey, pollen and bee bread from a plantation of cherry (Prunus cerasus) cv. English morello. The least contaminated were honey samples, which contained up to 0.1 mg·kg -1 and pollen with up to 0.25 mg·kg -1 , and the most contaminated was bee bread with up to 23.6 mg·kg -1 of the used fungicides. Obtained results suggest that residues of vinclozolin and iprodione present in pollen grains are chemically modified (possibly conjugated) and thus undetected by the method used. During fermentation of bee bread the conjugates are hydrolysed and free pesticides released. Experiments showed that both vinclozolin and iprodione applied to old leaves were transported to young leaves and flowers. Thus, despite contact mode of action declared by producers, they also show systemic properties. This assumption may be corroborated by the dynamics of pollen contamination (4-5 days of lag period between the spray time and time of incidence of maximum contamination). © Inra/DIB/ AGIB/Elsevier, Paris

No abstract

a multitude of diseases, among them fungal ones. Several crops (strawberry, raspberry, cherry, apple and others) require protection during blooming. Since most 1. INTRODUCTION Contemporary horticultural production requires heavy chemical protection against