Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most serious of all dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsion. Replantation is the treatment of choice, but cannot always be carried out immediately. An appropriate emergency management and treatment plan is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases in which the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence based on literature research and professional opinion. In this second article of three, the IADT Guidelines for management of avulsed permanent teeth are presented.

Crown fractures and luxations occur most frequently of all dental injuries. An appropriate treatment plan after an injury is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence, based on literature research and professional opinion. In this first article of three, the IADT Guidelines for management of fractures and luxations of permanent teeth will be presented.

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– The frequency of developmental disturbances in the permanent dentition due to traumatic injuries to primary teeth was examined in a Danish population sample consisting of 487 schoolchildren 9–17 years old. Of these children, 147 (30%) had a history of traumatic injuries to the primary dentition. Frequencies of 57.8% and 45.3% of developmental disturbances were found in the trauma and in the non‐trauma group, respectively. The folloing types of developmental disturbances were more frequent in the trauma group than in the non‐trauma group: (1) internal white enamel hypoplasia with a diameter of 0.5 mm or more, (2) internal and external white and yellow‐brown enamel hypoplasia, (3) white and yellow‐brown enamel hypoplasia and horizontal enamel hypoplasia. Internal white enamel hypoplasia with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, and generalized internal and external white enamel hypoplasias were found with the same frequency in the two groups. About 10% of enamel hypoplasias in anterior teeth are due to trauma.