Our results provide a simple relationship involving the driving force and binding energy of CT state to maximize charge generation in non-fullerene organic solar cells.
One strategy to improve the photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), employed in state-of-art organic solar cells, is the rational fluorination or chlorination of these molecules. Although this modification improves important acceptor properties, little is known about the effects on the triplet states. Here, we combine the polarizable continuum model with an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional to investigate this issue. We find that fluorination or chlorination of NFAs decreases the degree of the highest occupied molecular orbital− lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO−LUMO) overlap along these molecules. Consequently, the energy gap between T 1 and S 1 states, ΔE ST = E S1 − E T1 , also decreases. This effect reduces the binding energy of triplet excitons, which favors their dissociation into free charges. Furthermore, the reduction of ΔE ST can contribute to mitigating the losses produced by the nonradiative deactivation of the T 1 excitons. Interestingly, although Cl has a lower electronegativity than F, chlorination is more effective to reduce ΔE ST . Since the chlorination of NFAs is easier than fluorination, Cl substitution can be a useful approach to enhance solar energy harvesting using triplet excitons.
The detection of Aedes aegypti mosquito is essential in the prevention process of serious diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Common approaches consist of surveillance agents who need to enter residences to find and eliminate these outbreaks, but often they are unable to do this work due to the absence or resistance of the resident. This paper proposes an automatic system that uses aerial images obtained through a camera coupled from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to identify rain gutters from a shed that may be mosquitoes’ foci. We use Digital Image Processing (DIP) techniques to differentiate the objects that may or may not be those foci of the mosquito-breeding. The experimental results show that the system is capable of automatically detecting the appropriately mosquito-breeding location.
A ovinocultura no cenário atual se apresenta como uma atividade promissora na região Nordeste. A raça Dorper mostra-se como uma ótima opção para exploração, tendo em vista sua alta rusticidade e adaptabilidade a regiões áridas, além da sua boa conformação de carcaça, alta taxa de crescimento e de Ganho de Peso Médio Diário (GPMD). Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho acompanhar o desenvolvimento de ovinos desmamados e avaliar o Ganho de Peso Médio Diário (GPMD) em função do semiconfinamento e do tipo de parto. Foram utilizados 12 ovinos PO da raça Dorper não castrados e com idade entre 2 e 4 meses. Os animais eram submetidos a sistema de criação semi-intensivo, onde passavam o dia no pasto e a tarde eram confinados em uma baia onde lhes era oferecido volumoso e concentrado. Os ovinos foram pesados a cada 8 dias durante 4 semanas e iniciaram o experimento com peso médio de 33,66 kg e finalizaram com peso médio de 36 kg. De forma geral, todos os animais apresentaram um bom Ganho de Peso Médio Diário (GPMD), isto se deu em consequência do sistema de semiconfinamento que se apresentou como uma boa técnica a ser utilizada na região. Os ovinos que nasceram através de parto simples apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação aos borregos que nasceram por parto múltiplo, isto pode ser entendido pela competição nutricional que existe entre os animais de parto múltiplo. Ainda no fator idade, foi observado diferença no GPMD e no Ganho de Peso Total (GPT) dos animais.
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