Summary A prospective study of 43 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis that presented over a 20‐year period is reported. The overall prognosis of these patients was poor and was not related to their histological grading. However, once invasion had occurred the prognosis deteriorated markedly. A large proportion of the patients subsequently developed bladder carcinomata, and the risk was increased when the intramural portion of the ureter was not removed completely.

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Summary A prospective study of a personal series of 54 cases of carcinoma of the ureter that presented over a 20‐year period is reported. There has been an apparent increase in the incidence of primary carcinoma of the ureter, but the diagnosis is being made earlier because clinicians are more aware of the condition and better techniques for investigation are available. The prognosis for carcinoma of the ureter was directly related to the histological grading used by the Bristol Bladder Tumour Registry. A marked reduction in survival was associated with a palpable kidney, non‐function of the kidney and evidence of invasion of the muscle coat. A third of the patients with primary carcinoma of the ureter subsequently developed bladder tumours and the risk was increased when the intramural portion of the ureter was left in situ. A method of excising the intramural portion of the ureter is mentioned. Recently we have carried out more conservative operations for carcinomata of the ureter occurring after treatment for carcinoma of the bladder, and the results are encouraging.

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