No abstract

Tests have been conducted on freshwater columnar ice samples to determine the uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength of the ice. Four parameters were varied. The confining pressure was increased up to 2.85 MPa (400 psi) in steps of 0.7 MPa (100 psi). The strain rate was varied in order to obtain the ductile to brittle transition peak. Temperature was kept mainly at −2°, with two series at −10°C and −20°C, and samples were machined with axes parallel, perpendicular or at a 45-deg angle to the direction of ice growth. The results are presented within their original context, but analyzed with reference to recent studies conducted on the multiaxial behavior of ice.

Les résultats présentés dans cet article ont été obtenus à partir d'essais effectués sur des échantillons de glace de différentes origines (glace d'eau douce, glace d'iceberg et glace légèrement saline). Les échantillons ont été testés à taux de déformation constant. Certains ont été soumis à une pression de confinement pouvant atteindre 70 MPa. Les résultats ont été analysés de manière à formuler une courbe intrinsèque appropriée à la glace. L'avantage principal de cette nouvelle formulation réside dans le fait qu'elle prévoit le changement de phase de la glace en fonction de la pression hydrostatique exercée sur l'échantillon. AbstractThis paper presents some information obtained from tests performed on fresh water, iceberg and low salinity granular ice. The testing program included constant strain rate uniaxial compression tests and constant strain rate confined compression tests. Maximum confining pressure reached 70 MPa. The results £rom the constant strain rate tests have been analysed in order to formulate a proper yield surface criterion for ice. The advantage of this new formulation lies in its ability to consider the hydrostatic pressure at which ice changes to water.