Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a primary cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are established therapies for type 2 diabetes and although DPP-4 inhibitors can reduce hepatic steatosis, their impact on local inflammation and fibrosis in NASH remains unknown. Using two different experimental treatment regimens (4- and 2-week treatments) in streptozotocin-treated neonatal mice on a high-fat diet, we show that the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin (10 and 30 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the NAS score from 4.9 ± 0.6 to 3.7 ± 0.4 and 3.6 ± 0.3, respectively, in the 4-week study. In the 2-week study, linagliptin 10 mg/kg significantly reduced NAS score from 4.1 ± 0.4 to 2.4 ± 0.4. Telmisartan was used as a positive control in both studies and lowered NAS score to 1.9 ± 0.7 and 1.4 ± 0.3, respectively. Due to streptozotocin treatment, elevated glucose levels were unchanged by either drug treatment. Further, linagliptin 10 mg/kg significantly reduced mRNA levels of SOCS-3 (from 1.68 ± 0.2 to 0.83 ± 0.08), IFN-γ (from 4.0 ± 0.5 to 2.3 ± 0.3), and TNF-α (from 5.7 ± 0.5 to 2.13 ± 0.3). The latter observation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of TNF-α in liver specimens. In addition, using microautoradiography, we showed that the distribution of radiolabeled linagliptin was heterogeneous with the highest density associated with interlobular bile ducts and portal tracts (acini). In conclusion, these studies confirm that linagliptin has high exposure in hepatic tissue and has both anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic activity in NASH.
Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Ein neuer, innovativer Ansatz in der humanmedizinischen Behandlung des nichtinsulinabhängigen Diabetes mellitus (Typ 2) zielt auf die Hemmung der Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) ab, um die Plasmakonzentration an Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) zu erhöhen, wodurch wiederum die Insulininkretion in Abhängigkeit von erhöhten Blutzuckerspiegeln gesteigert wird. Material und Methoden: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Anteil der hepatischen Elimination des GLP-1 an der Gesamtkörper-Elimination mit und ohne DPP-IV-Hemmung mithilfe des rezirkulierenden Modells der isolierten perfundierten Rat- tenleber (IPRL) quantifiziert. Ergebnisse: Die Leberelimination hat bei der Ratte einen Anteil von 57% an der totalen Clearance des GLP-1. Der niedrige hepatische Extraktionsquotient von 30 ± 11% erlaubt sieben von zehn vom Darm abgegebenen GLP-1-Molekülen den Eintritt in den systemischen Kreislauf (70% Bioverfügbarkeit). Die Halbwertszeit der GLP-1-Amid-Isoform (7–36 amid) in der IPRL beträgt 5,0 ± 1,3 Minuten und unterscheidet sich statistisch nicht signifikant (p = 0,114) von der Halbwertszeit der Glycin-Isoform (7–37) mit 6,1 ± 1,6 Minuten. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: DPP-IV-Inhibitoren verlängern erfolgreich die Halbwertszeit und damit die Wirkdauer von GLP-1, was den Einsatz von Insulin bei Katzen mit Diabetes mellitus verzichtbar machen könnte.
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