We newly found a progressive topological disorganization of the brain network in focal epilepsy. In addition, we demonstrated disrupted topological organization in focal epilepsy, shifting toward a more random state.

Although the underlying mechanism for this association is not fully understood, our results suggest that low vitamin D status is associated with OH in patients with PD.

Our findings suggest that OINH is true OI sharing the common pathomechanism of OH and POTS.

The limbic networks of TLE patients with and without HS could be different, and the thalamus might play a critical role in TLE patients with HS.

We confirmed the risk factor for post-dural puncture headache such as young age, and newly found that patients who underwent puncture at daytime developed more post-dural puncture headache than those who were performed puncture at nighttime.