This paper reflects on review of smart sensor activities for biomedical applications. The rise of biotechnology has provided innovative development of new therapies and detection methods for life threatening diseases. As a worldwide research focus, there is especially a strong interest in the use of microsystems in health care, particularly as smart implantable devices. Recent years have seen an increasing activity of hip and knee replacement and other type of implants, which are some of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world. Loosening of hip prosthesis is the dominant issue for many patients who undergo a hip arthroplasty. Artificial joints are subject to chronic infections associated with bacterial biofilms, which only can be eradicated by the traumatic removal of the implant followed by sustained intravenous antibiotic therapy. This review focuses on the clinical experience using all kinds of smart implants like orthopedic implants instrumented with strain gauges, retina implant system using image sensors. Technical design improvements will enhance function, quality of life, and longevity of total knee arthroplasty and all other kind of implants. Application of biocompatible nanomaterials in implantable biosensors for continuous monitoring of metabolites is an area of sustained scientific and technological interests.

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There is increasing interest in miniaturized technologies in diagnostics, therapeutic testing, and biomedicinal fundamental research. The same is true for the dermal studies in topical drug development, dermatological disease pathology testing, and cosmetic science. This review aims to collect the recent scientific literature and knowledge about the application of skin-on-a-chip technology in drug diffusion studies, in pharmacological and toxicological experiments, in wound healing, and in fields of cosmetic science (ageing or repair). The basic mathematical models are also presented in the article to predict physical phenomena, such as fluid movement, drug diffusion, and heat transfer taking place across the dermal layers in the chip using Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. Soon, it can be envisioned that animal studies might be at least in part replaced with skin-on-a-chip technology leading to more reliable results close to study on humans. The new technology is a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods used in research institutes, university labs, and industry. With this article, the authors would like to call attention to a new investigational family of platforms to refresh the researchers’ theranostics and preclinical, experimental toolbox.