Gulf War-related neuromuscular symptoms are not associated with specific impairments of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles.

Because complaints of weakness and fatigue in unwell servicemen do not correlate with actual weakness or fatigue, explanations for these symptoms must lie outside of the neuromuscular system. Increased lactate production during subanaerobic bicycle exercise reflects mitochondrial inefficiency, but it is unclear whether this reflects mitochondrial damage sustained during Gulf War service or inactivity secondary to ill health.