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A practical polarization propagator method devised for the treatment of valence electron excitations in atoms and molecules is presented. This method, referred to as (second-order) algebraic-diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)), allows for a theoretical description of single and double excitations consistently through second and first order, respectively, of perturbation theory. The computational scheme is essentially an eigenvalue problem of a Hermitian secular matrix defined with respect to the space of singly and doubly excited configurations. The configuration space is smaller (more compact) than that of comparable configuration interaction (CI) expansions and the method leads to size-consistent results. The performance of the ADC(2) method is tested in exemplary applications to Ne, Ar and CO, where detailed comparison can be made with experiment and previous theoretical results. While the accuracy of the absolute excitation energies is only moderate, a very satisfactory description is obtained for the relative energies and, in particular, for the spectral intensities. Aspects related to the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule and the equivalence of the dipole-length and dipole-velocity forms of the transition moments are discussed. Due to the relatively small computational expense and the possibility of a direct ADC(2) formulation this method should prove particularly useful in applications to large molecules.

Zonal flows (ZFs) and associated geodesic oscillations are turbulence-generated time-varying E r × B T rigid poloidal plasma flows with finite radial extent. They are of major interest for tokamak confinement since they are thought to moderate drift-wave turbulence and hence edge transport. However, detection of ZFs (believed to be driven by Reynolds stress) and Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) (linked with poloidal pressure asymmetries) is challenging since they appear predominantly as low frequency (few kilohertz) potential or radial electric field E r fluctuations. Presented here are measurements of GAM/ZF properties in ohmic, L-mode and H-mode ASDEX Upgrade tokamak discharges using a new Doppler reflectometry technique to measure E r fluctuations directly.