Experiential learning has been a foundational tenant of agricultural education since its inception. However, the theory of experiential education has received limited attention in the permanent agricultural education literature base. As such, this philosophical manuscript examined Kolb's experiential learning process further, and considered the implications for experiential learning theory (ELT) in secondary agricultural education. Specifically, the researchers outlined Kolb's ELT and conducted a telephone interview with Dr. David A. Kolb. Analysis of the interview indicated that experiential learning is a critical component of a comprehensive agricultural education model (i.e., three-circle model). It was explained that experiential learning builds meta-cognitive skills and can be goal-oriented and assessed. However, agricultural educators must be present and purposeful when providing experiences for students. Additionally, they must ask reflection questions (e.g., "What happened?" "Now what?" "So what?") during each phase of ELT throughout the comprehensive agricultural education model (i.e., classroom and laboratory, Supervised Agricultural Experience [SAE], and FFA). Based on these conclusions, a Comprehensive Model for Secondary Agricultural Education was proposed to include the role of experiential learning more intentionally.

Teacher education programs face a myriad of challenges in preparing secondary agricultural education teachers. One challenge is providing preparation in technical content areas including agricultural mechanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of preparedness of agriculture teacher education program graduates in the area of agricultural mechanics. The target population for the study was certifying institutions for agricultural education teachers in the United States. Data were collected with a mailed questionnaire sent in the fall of 2003. A total of 69 completed surveys were returned for a response rate of 78.4%. More than 90% of respondents indicated that six of the nine content areas were included in their state's secondary curriculum. Respondents identified the level of importance as "important" for each of nine competency groupings. Respondents identified the level of preparation for hand/power tools as "prepared." The remaining eight competency groupings were rated as "somewhat prepared." More than 97% of respondents indicated that some agricultural mechanics credits were required for program completion. The average number of credits required for program completion was 9.13. A majority (58%) of institutions indicated that at least one required course was taught within the department housing the teacher preparation program.

The United States is currently facing a shortage of qualified teachers; specifically, agricultural education has recorded shortages for several years. A high percentage of agriculture teachers will leave the profession well before retirement. Those teachers who leave the profession are often dissatisfied with their chosen career and exhibit low levels of teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. The purpose of this census study was to describe the current level of teacher selfefficacy and job satisfaction among all early career agriculture teachers (within the first 6 years in the profession) in Kentucky (N = 80) and to determine if a relationship existed between teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction among these teachers. Teacher self-efficacy was measured through three constructs: student engagement, instructional practices, and classroom management. Early career agriculture teachers in Kentucky are efficacious and satisfied with teaching. A variety of relationships exist between each construct and overall job satisfaction between each group of teachers.

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effects of order of abstraction and type of reflection on student knowledge acquisition. Students were assigned randomly to one of four treatment combinations in the completely randomized 2x2 design which included either abstraction prior to or directly after an experience, and either reflection-in-action or reflection-onaction. A Lab-Aids® inquiry-based kit, centered on the principles of biofuels, served as the content for the treatment. The findings of this study indicate that order of abstraction does not have a statistically significant effect on knowledge acquisition scores, but that reflection-in-action did have a statistically significant effect on increasing students’ knowledge of the selected biofuel concepts. It is recommended that teachers at both the secondary and university level focus on effective strategies of reflection-in-action to draw deeper, more enduring learning from students’ experiences in agricultural education. The study was exploratory in nature, and recommendations were suggested for full-scale replications of the study.

The purposes of this descriptive study were to assess graduates' perception of the importance and competence levels of performing identified transferable skills in the workplace and use the Borich (1980) needs assessment model to identify the skills most in need to enhance the curriculum. The findings revealed that solving problems, working independently, and functioning well in stressful situations were perceived by graduates as being most important to their job, and identifying political implications of the decisions to be made was the least important. In terms of competence, graduates perceived themselves to be most competent at working independently, relating well with supervisors, and working well with fellow employees and least competent at identifying political implications of the decisions to be made. When using the Borich model, solving problems, allocating time efficiently, communicating ideas verbally to groups, and accepting constructive criticism were the skills with the highest mean weighted discrepancy score, indicating a high need for curriculum enhancement.