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The multiple hardening mechanisms of a copper matrix have been presented and discussed. The prealloyed ball milled Cu-3 wt.%Al and the atomized Cu-0·6 wt.%Ti-2·5 wt.%TiB 2 powders have been used as starting materials. Dispersoid particles Al 2 O 3 and TiB 2 were formed in situ. The powders have been hot consolidated. Optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for microstructural characterization. Increase in microhardness of Cu-3 wt.%Al compacts is a consequence of the crystallite size refinement and the presence of Al 2 O 3 particles. High hardening of Cu-0·6 wt.%Ti-2·5 wt.%TiB 2 is a consequence of the presence of modular structure, Cu 4 Ti (m) , and TiB 2 particles.

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