Summary The purpose of this study was to assess whether ultrasonography is useful for determining uncuffed tracheal tube sizes for paediatric patients. The equation for selecting the correctly sized tracheal tube was developed using data on the subglottic diameter measured by ultrasonography and air leak test. The efficacy of the new equation was evaluated by comparing it with the conventional age‐based formula (4 + age/4) in another 100 patients. Tracheal tube sizes were selected using two methods, and air leakage pressure was measured after each intubation. The ultrasonographic method allowed the correct tube size to be selected in 60% of cases, whereas the age‐based method enabled this in 31% of cases (p < 0.001). Ultrasound can offer a useful means of selecting correct tracheal tube size compared with the age‐based formula in paediatric patients. However, even using ultrasound, the success rate of correct tube size selection is still not very high. You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com

In this study, FTc predicted fluid responsiveness. However, FTc should be used in conjunction with other clinical information.

The application of PEEP effectively increases the CSA of the right IJV. The PEEP giving the largest CSA is 12 cm H(2) O.

In this study, the incidence of IOCA was 21/100,000 surgeries and the 3-month mortality rate after IOCA was 62%. Several factors including surgical emergency, non-shockable initial cardiac rhythm, pre-operative complications, surgical complications, long duration of cardiac compressions, high total epinephrine dose, transfusion, and continuous infusion of inotropes or vasopressors in ICU seemed to be risk factors for 3-month mortality after IOCA. These risk factors should be considered in the light of relatively small sample size of this study.

Decreased oxygenation by pneumoperitoneum was improved and PaCO did not increase after 1 h of I:E of 1:1; however, the effect of equal ratio ventilation longer than 1 h remains to be determined. There was no carryover effect of the two different I:E ratios.