As the size of the active Navy changes in response to the evolving world situation, and as force structure is realigned in response to new visions of the Navy's missions, readiness becomes increasingly important. Readiness for the Navy's missions depends largely on effective training.In the future, more training will be accomplished afloat (i-e., shipboard) than has been the case in recent decades. The capability of shipboard personnel to conduct training will become increasingly critical.Much afloat training is conducted using a team approach. Organized shipboard training teams, such as damage control training teams (DCrlYr), engineering casualty control training teams (ECC'M'), and combat systems training teams (CSTT), are responsible for preparing ships' personnel to accomplish their roles under all conditions (see SmithJentsch, Zeisig, Acton, & McPherson, chap. 11, this volume). Highly qualified watchstanders or supervisors are normally assigned as members of training teams.Afloat training teams are responsible not only for ongoing training of current team members but also for integrating new team members into shipboard teams. Newly assigned personnel-who may or may not have previously received team training-must be prepared to fill their roles on teams.Whereas training team members are generally highly qualified technical experts in their occupational specialties, they may not have all of the skills needed to conduct training for a team, as a member of a training team. Many skills acquired in other instructional settings may transfer to the afloat team training situation, but added skills are often needed for personnel to function effectively as afloat trainers.The main goal of this chapter is to summarize research that identifies critical skills for shipboard trainers. A secondary goal is to describe desirable characteristics of training to develop afloat trainers in their roles as trainers. Finally, the characteristics of a candidate training program to 345

OMBNo. 0700o188 Ia. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS Unclassified 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTJON/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for public release; 2b. DECLASSIFiCATION / DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution unlimited. 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUV3ER(S) ARI Research Product 88-21 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION FIELD GROUP SUBGROUP VEmbedded Training, Training Devices, Training System Concept, Armored Family of Vehicles, Training Development, 19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) he Armored Family of Vehicles (AFV) is a new major acquisition program to build the next generation of armored vehicles. The goals of the program are to build the vehicles with the greatest commonality of parts feasible, for cost reasons, and to take advantage of technology advances as needed to meet the mid-1990s threat. This report presents the methods used, the analyses performed, and the resulting conclusions that formulate a hands-on training concept for the AFV in the institution and in the unit. The training media considered were alternative forms of embedded training and stand-alone training devices. 20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION [ UNCLASSFIED/JNLIMTED 0 SAME AS RPT. C OTIC USERS Unclassified 22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL ?2b TELEPHONE (tnc!,d I' 22c. OFFIrE SYMIOL 1 Marshall A. Narva (202) 274-8876 1 PERI-SM DO Form 1473, JUN 86

No abstract

Accurate and timely performance assessment is a critical factor in maximizing the training value achieved from a scenario-based training process. It is equally important for assessment to be diagnostic of the behavioral and cognitive factors that affect performance. This paper describes an approach to providing automated performance assessment and diagnosis information to shipboard instructors responsible for training tactical decision making teams. A trainee operator's output actions, derived from keystrokes, is compared to performance criteria and expected actions generated by an expert operator model. Deviations from expected performance provide the input to assessment and diagnostic processes. In keeping with the vision of the Shipboard Instructor Training and Support (SITS) program, the approach is designed to support the shipboard instructor's functions and expertise at various stages in the training cycle.

Naval Training Systems Cente Code 712 6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)