PR1 is a pathogenesis‐related protein encoded in the parsley genome by a family of three genes (PR1–1, PR1–2 and PR1–3). Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments in a transient expression system demonstrated the presence of two fungal elicitor responsive elements in each of the PR1–1 and PR1–2 promoters. These elements, W1, W2 and W3, contain the sequence (T)TGAC(C) and mutations that disrupt this sequence abolish function. Gel shift experiments demonstrated that W1, W2 and W3 are bound specifically by similar nuclear proteins. Three cDNA clones encoding sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins were isolated by South‐Western screening and these proteins, designated WRKY1, 2 and 3, also bind specifically to W1, W2 and W3. WRKY1, 2 and 3 are members of the family of sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins, which we call the WRKY family. Treatment of parsley cells with the specific oligopeptide elicitor Pep25 induced a transient and extremely rapid increase in mRNA levels of WRKY1 and 3. WRKY2 mRNA levels in contrast showed a concomitant transient decrease. These rapid changes in WRKY mRNA levels in response to a defined signal molecule suggest that WRKY1, 2 and 3 play a key role in a signal transduction pathway that leads from elicitor perception to PR1 gene activation.

A genomic clone containing two linked human pregnancy-specific (31-glycoprotein (PSI3G) genes has been isolated and characterized. The two genes are arranged in the same 5' -+ 3' orientation; the 3' region (including the A2and B-C exons) of the upstream gene, PSGGA, is linked to the 5' region (including the 5'/L and L/N exons) of PSGGB, the downstream gene. Depending upon the domains compared, PSGGA and PSGGB share 92-98% nucleotide and 86-95%