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The dynamics of energy transfer processes in Tm+3-Tb+3 and Tm3+-Eu+3 co-doped LiYF4 crystal hosts were studied from time-resolved Tm3+ fluorescence analysis to estimate the optimal co-doping concentrations which maximize 1.5 µm laser emission from the 3H4 state of Tm3+. The analysis was carried out by finding a numerical solution to the general master equations that govern non-radiative energy transfer processes in crystalline materials and by using the Monte Carlo technique. Our analysis improves the description of experimental fluorescence decay curves. The predicted optimal co-doping concentrations and laser threshold for these luminescent systems are lower than those reported using traditional models for non-radiative energy transfer processes.

Articles you may be interested inThe effects of energy transfer on the Er3+ 1.54μm luminescence in nanostructured Y2O3 thin films with heterogeneously distributed Yb3+ and Er3+ codopants

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Experimental data from two Yb 3ϩ , Er 3ϩ :yttrium aluminum garnet ͑YAG͒ crystal samples with different doping concentrations were analyzed through the calculation of the exact solution of the general nonradiative energy-transfer master equations. Besides the dipole-dipole direct energy transfer and the dipole-dipole migration processes assumed by other authors to predict the Yb 3ϩ -fluorescence decay, it is shown that a quadrupole-quadrupole direct energy transfer and a dipole-dipole back-transfer process are also present. The used free parameter values predicted our experimental data as well as other experimental data reported in the literature. Further, our modeling also calculates the acceptor transients which were also compared to experimental data. Therefore, the used modeling can be applied to analyze complicated nonradiative energy-transfer processes where traditional models fail.