In the present study, flow patterns around a single spur dike (also termed a groyne) with free-surface flow was simulated using a numerical model known as Fluent. The model solved the fully three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation to predict flow near the structure where threedimensional flow is dominant. To treat the complex free-surface flow, the volume of fluid method with geometric reconstruction scheme was applied and turbulence was simulated using standard k − v equations. In this research work, both a structured and an unstructured mesh were used and the density of the mesh spacing was selected the highest near the walls and also free surface to obtain more accurate results. Comparison of free surface and velocities of 3D model showed good agreement with three experimental flume data obtained by other researchers. The reattachment length for various conditions was computed using the numerical results and flow pattern was presented for repelling, attracting and vertical spur dikes together. Also, bed-shear stress distribution was presented and the effects of flow discharge and the length and angle of the spur dike upon the bed shear-stress distribution were evaluated.

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An analytical solution to the two-dimensional wave propagation in fluid-saturated half-space subjected to a strip load with vertical harmonic oscillation at the surface is presented. The basic equations have been derived on the basis of Biot's linear theory of poro-elasticity and then solved using Fourier complex transform for the horizontal direction. The importance of a number of soil characteristics including compressibility, degree of saturation and soil permeability has been examined. It is shown that the effect of pore fluid is dominant only for fully saturated soils with incompressible solid grains and low permeability. For partially saturated, compressible or very permeable soils, the stresses would be mainly transferred to solid part and there will be considerable reduction in pore pressure amplitude.

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