Total arterialization of the liver appears to be a promising clinical method in preventing or reducing encephalopathy after shunting. A new technique for achieving total arterialization of the liver in rats in described and illustrated. This method is fast, simple, and associated with a high patency rate, even in the hands of relatively inexperienced microsurgeons. It can be recommended as an experimental model for additional studies in rats.

Background Both genetic background and diet are important determinants of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Understanding gene-diet interactions could help improve CVD prevention and prognosis. We aimed to summarise the evidence on gene-diet interactions and CVD outcomes systematically. Methods We searched MEDLINE® via Ovid, Embase, PubMed®, and The Cochrane Library for relevant studies published until June 6th 2022. We considered for inclusion cross-sectional, case–control, prospective cohort, nested case–control, and case-cohort studies as well as randomised controlled trials that evaluated the interaction between genetic variants and/or genetic risk scores and food or diet intake on the risk of related outcomes, including myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and CVD as a composite outcome. The PROSPERO protocol registration code is CRD42019147031. Results and discussion We included 59 articles based on data from 29 studies; six articles involved multiple studies, and seven did not report details of their source population. The median sample size of the articles was 2562 participants. Of the 59 articles, 21 (35.6%) were qualified as high quality, while the rest were intermediate or poor. Eleven (18.6%) articles adjusted for multiple comparisons, four (7.0%) attempted to replicate the findings, 18 (30.5%) were based on Han-Chinese ethnicity, and 29 (49.2%) did not present Minor Allele Frequency. Fifty different dietary exposures and 52 different genetic factors were investigated, with alcohol intake and ADH1C variants being the most examined. Of 266 investigated diet-gene interaction tests, 50 (18.8%) were statistically significant, including CETP-TaqIB and ADH1C variants, which interacted with alcohol intake on CHD risk. However, interactions effects were significant only in some articles and did not agree on the direction of effects. Moreover, most of the studies that reported significant interactions lacked replication. Overall, the evidence on gene-diet interactions on CVD is limited, and lack correction for multiple testing, replication and sample size consideration.

Portacaval-shunted and sham-operated male rats, fed ad libitum and of similar weight, were studied 2-3 weeks after surgery. At this time serum cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, whereas serum triacylglycerols and phospholipids were lower in the shunted group. These animals also showed an increased serum bile acid level and an increased serum estradiol to testosterone ratio. The metabolism of native chyle labeled with [3H]cholesterol and [14C]linoleic acid or of preformed chylomicron remnants with the same labeling was studied in the groups of rats. Ten minutes after intravenous injection of chylomicron remnants 10.6 +/- 0.5% (means +/- SEM, n = 8) of the injected [3H]cholesterol and 7.6 +/- 0.4% of the [14C]linoleic acid were found per 1 g liver in the portacaval-shunted rats; the corresponding figures in the sham-operated group (n = 8) were 6.4 +/- 0.4 and 4.9 +/- 0.3, respectively (p less than 0.001 for both 3H and 14C). Thus, despite a greater than 40% reduction of liver weight induced by the shunting procedure, the total liver uptake of chylomicron remnants was not significantly decreased. The uptake of chylomicron lipids per unit liver weight was normal in the atrophic livers of portacaval-shunted rats also when very large loads of chyle were administered.

ZusammenfassungBei 53 von 273 Struma maligna-Patienten wurde anläßlich ihrer nuklearmedizinischen Erstuntersuchung (1971-1983) eine Hyperthyreose diagnostiziert. Dies entspricht einer Quote von 19,5% unter den vorwiegend gut differenzierten Karzinomen. 24mal (in 45%) waren Hyperthyreose und maligne Struma zwei unterscheidbare, eigene Krankheiten: bei 4 Patienten mit M. Basedow (1,5% von 273) hatte 2mal ein solitärer kalter Knoten vorbestanden, 2mal wurde ein okkultes Karzinom intra operationem gefunden. 20 andere Patienten dieser Gruppe litten an einer nicht-immunogenen Hyperthyreose (M. Plummer), bei denen in kalten Knoten bei einer multifokalen funktionellen Autonomie (MfA) (n = 14) oder neben einem solitären heißen Knoten, dem toxischen Adenom (TA) (n = 6), ein Karzinom nachgewiesen wurde. Nur bei ihnen entsprach die Verteilung der verschiedenen Histologien etwa jener bei allen Struma maligna-Patienten in der Region. 29mal (in 55%) waren bei einem M. Plummer, davon 28mal mit dem Bild des TA, heißer Knoten und maligner Tumor identisch. Histologisch konnte – retrospektiv – diese Identität allerdings nur in 10 von 24 Präparaten gesichert werden. 8 Patienten hatten bei Erstvorstellung schon Radiojod-aufnehmende Metastasen. 24 dieser Tumoren waren follikuläre, 5 papilläre Karzinome. In erster Schätzung haben diese malignen, szintigraphisch heißen Tumore einen Anteil von 1 unter 50 (benignen) TAs. Trennende Kriterien sind: Strumawachstum und Tumorgröße >5 cm oder >35 g und eine Hypertrijodthyroninämie von <0,06 nmol/1 pro Gramm Tumor. Funktionelle Anomalien (»Leerlauf« und diskordante 131J-/ 99mTc-Szintigramme) wurden bei mehr als der Hälfte der malignen Fälle nachgewiesen.