69Intelligent Guards against Disasters (iGaDs) could process and respond to alert and warning messages from responsible authorities and thus help in preparing to respond to disasters, but making such smart devices and systems dependable and affordable enough for pervasive use in future smart living environments will require strong standards. C ountries and intergovernmental organizations worldwide now have built or are building disaster management information systems to strengthen their capabilities for coping with emergencies. In the European Union, projects such as Osiris and Sany have provided standards and tools to make diverse sensor networks and sensor web services interoperable, thus facilitating their use in emergency alert and response systems. In the US, the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Open Platform for Emergency Networks (IPAWS-Open) provides services to receive, authenticate, and route standardsbased messages from alerting authorities to all types of alert systems via all communication pathways, including public broadcast, cellular networks, and the Internet. The XML-based Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) enables message exchange among emergency information systems, automatic reporting by sensor systems to analysis centers, and aggregation and correlation of warnings from multiple sources. More importantly, smart devices and applications can authenticate, process, and act upon IPAWS-distributed, CAP-conforming alert messages. The "Disaster Manage-

iMAT is a system of automatic medication dispensers and software tools. It is for people who take medications on long term basis at home to stay well and independent. The system helps its users to improve rigor in compliance by preventing misunderstanding of medication directions and making medication schedules more tolerant to tardiness and negligence. This paper presents an overview of the assumptions, models, architecture and implementation of the system.

No abstract

This paper presents a model-based approach to developing easily configurable and customizable and safe-touse UCAADS. The acronym UCAADS stands for user-centric automation and assistive devices and systems, which include automation tools used by individuals and care-providing institutions for purposes of improving their quality of life and quality of care. The UCAADS model underlying the development process of such devices incorporates workflow elements with goals, objectives, methods, and selections elements, and is executable. This unique combination enables the device behavior, user actions, and userdevice interactions to be specified in terms of a model for requirement capture and design assessment purposes early in the development process. The workflow elements in the device model become its implementation when the required programs and other resources become available. Reusable models, resource components, tools, and runtime environment needed to support this process are provided by UCAADS simulation environment and embedded workflow framework also described in this paper.Index Terms-Model-based development, simulation, system specification and evaluation, workflow.

No abstract