With the increasingly acute contradictions between shortage of bonanza phosphorus resources and phosphate fertilizer demands, to develop an efficient use technology for low-grade phosphate rocks (LGPR) was an inevitable choice. In this study, the physicochemical pro-release phosphate rock (PCPR) was prepared by adding modified lignin during the process of ultra-fine grinding LGPR. The relationship between phosphorus chemical composition of PCPR, molecular structure and fertilizer efficiency was explored by chemical analysis, spectral analysis and pot experiment. The results showed that after pro-release treatment of phosphate rock (PR), available phosphorus, reactive phosphorus and soluble phosphorus levels were significantly increased compared with PR. The available phosphorus content increased by 40%, the reactive phosphorus content increased more than 3.5 times, and 6 consecutive extraction soluble phosphorus accumulation increased by 24 times. The structure of the PR showed the pro-release processing would significantly increase particle fineness and specific surface area of PR , strengthen the characteristic absorption peak intensity of PO 4 3-, HPO 4 2-, replace the Cl -, F -, Fe 2+ in the apatite and change the phase composition of PR. Pot experiment results showed corn biomass and phosphorus utilization processed by the PCPR were much higher than superphosphate (SP), diammonium phosphate(DAP), and significantly improve soil phosphorus content. The high soluble phosphorus and active phosphorus in PCPR providing the moderate continuous phosphorus supply intensity was the main reason for its high bioavailability. The combination of a static extraction and continuous extraction of reactive phosphorus and soluble phosphorus was an appropriate evaluation of physicochemical pro-release effect.