We report a fuel-dependent reactor electron antineutrino (νe) yield using six 2.8 GW th reactors in the Hanbit nuclear power plant complex, Yonggwang, Korea. The analysis uses 850 666 νe candidate events with a background fraction of 2.0 % acquired through inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions in the near detector for 1807.9 live days from August 2011 to February 2018. Based on multiple fuel cycles, we observe a fuel 235 U dependent variation of measured IBD yields with a slope of (1.51 ± 0.23) × 10 −43 cm 2 /fission and measure a total average IBD yield of (5.84 ± 0.13) × 10 −43 cm 2 /fission. The hypothesis of no fuel-dependent IBD yield is ruled out at 6.6 σ. The observed IBD yield variation over 235 U isotope fraction does not show significant deviation from the Huber-Mueller (HM) prediction at 1.3 σ. The measured fuel-dependent variation determines IBD yields of (6.15 ± 0.19) × 10 −43 cm 2 /fission and (4.18 ± 0.26) × 10 −43 cm 2 /fission for two dominant fuel isotopes 235 U and 239 Pu, respectively. The measured IBD yield per 235 U fission shows the largest deficit relative to the HM prediction. Reevaluation of the 235 U IBD yield per fission may mostly solve the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly (RAA) while 239 Pu is not completely ruled out as a possible contributor of the anomaly. We also report a 2.9 σ correlation between the fractional change of the 5 MeV excess and the reactor fuel isotope fraction of 235 U.A definitive measurement of the smallest neutrino mixing angle θ 13 is a tremendous success in neutrino physics during the last decade [1,2]. The measurement has been achieved by comparing the observed ν e fluxes with detectors placed at two different distances from the reactors. As reactor ν e experiments suffer from large reactor related uncertainties of the expected ν e flux and energy spectrum [3][4][5][6][7], identical detector configuration is essential to cancel out the systematic uncertainties. The RAA, ∼6 % deficit of measured ν e flux compared to the HM prediction, is an intriguing mystery in current neutrino physics research and needs to be understood [4][5][6][8][9][10][11]. There have been numerous attempts to explain this anomaly by incorrect inputs to the fission β spectrum conversion, deficiencies in nuclear databases, underestimated uncertainties of reactor ν e model, and the existence of sterile neutrinos [3,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Moreover, all of ongoing reactor ν e experiments have observed a 5 MeV excess in the IBD prompt spectrum with respect to the expected one [8,9,20,21]. This suggests that reactor ν e model is not complete at all.In commercial nuclear reactor power plants, almost all (> 99 %)ν e 's are produced through thousands of β-decay branches of fission fragments from 235 U, 239 Pu, 238 U, and 241 Pu. The ν e flux calculation is based on the inversion of spectra of the β-decay electrons of the thermal fissions which were measured in 1980s at ILL [10,11]. The reactor ν e models using these measurements as inputs have large uncertainties [5][6][7]. Therefore, ree...

The ratio between the prompt ψð2SÞ and J=ψ yields, reconstructed via their decays into μ þ μ − , is measured in Pb-Pb and p-p collisions at ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi s NN p ¼ 2.76 TeV. The analysis is based on Pb-Pb and p-p data samples collected by CMS at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 150 μb −1 and 5.4 pb −1 , respectively. The double ratio of measured yields ðN ψð2SÞ =N J=ψ Þ Pb-Pb = ðN ψð2SÞ =N J=ψ Þ p-p is computed in three Pb-Pb collision centrality bins and two kinematic ranges: one at midrapidity, jyj < 1.6, covering the transverse momentum range 6.5 < p T < 30 GeV=c, and the other at forward rapidity, 1.6 < jyj < 2.4, extending to lower p T values, 3 < p T < 30 GeV=c. The centralityintegrated double ratio changes from 0.45 AE 0.13ðstatÞ AE 0.07ðsystÞ in the first range to 1.67 AE 0.34ðstatÞ AE 0.27ðsystÞ in the second. This difference is most pronounced in the most central collisions.

The Drosophila drop-dead (drd) mutant undergoes massive brain degeneration, resulting in sudden death. drd encodes a multi-pass membrane protein possessing nose resistant to fluoxetine (NRF) and putative acyltransferase domains. However, the etiology of brain degeneration that occurs in drd mutant flies is still poorly understood. Herein, we show that drd neurodegeneration may be because of an oxygen deficit in the brain. We found that DRD protein is selectively expressed in cells secreting cuticular and eggshell layers. These layers exhibit blue fluorescence upon UV excitation, which is reduced in drd flies. The drd tracheal air sacs lacking blue fluorescence collapse, which likely contributes to hypoxia. Consistently, genes induced in hypoxia are up-regulated in drd flies. Feeding of anti-reactive oxygen species agents partially rescue the drd from sudden death. We propose that drd flies can provide a noninvasive animal model for hypoxia-induced cell death.

No abstract

The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) experiment has been taking data using two identical liquid scintillator detectors of 44.5 tons since August 2011. The experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor neutrinos in their interactions with free protons, followed by neutron capture on hydrogen. Based on 1500 live days of data taken with 16.8 GW th reactors at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, the near (far) detector observes 567690 (90747) electron antineutrino candidate events with a delayed neutron capture on hydrogen. This provides an independent measurement of θ 13 and a consistency check on the validity of the result from n-Gd data. Furthermore, it provides an important cross-check on the systematic uncertainties of the n-Gd measurement. Based on a rate-only analysis, we obtain sin 2 2θ 13 = 0.087 ± 0.008 (stat.) ± 0.014 (syst.).