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Unlike in Europeans and Africans, the relationship between the human guanine nucleotide binding beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3) C825T gene polymorphism (rs5443) and blood pressures is inconsistent in Asians. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the GNB3 genotype demonstrates different associations with resting blood pressure and body fatness across cardio/respiratory fitness (CRF) levels. A total of 727 Korean women aged 31-60 years (mean, 47.8+/-5.4 years) participated in the study. In subgroup analyses of the obese group, TT individuals had significantly higher values of body weight than CC and CT individuals (p=0.006 and p=0.006, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.002 and p=0.011, respectively). TT and CT individuals also tended to have higher CRF values than CC individuals. Regression analyses showed that the association between GNB3 genotype and resting blood pressure remained significant after adjustment for age and menopause, but was not significant after additional adjustment for body fatness. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that body fatness and CRF might modify the GNB3-mediated genetic susceptibility to elevated resting blood pressures in middle-aged Korean women.

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Speci cation and validation of a real-time system are often based on making simplistic predictions and assumptions about relevant behavior of the external environment and the controlled device interacting with it. However, in many cases, real-time systems physically interact with other external objects in a complex manner in a dynamically changing world and thus, their form e.g. physical properties such as shape, mass, material, and con guration can play a critical role in producing a correct speci cation and obtaining realistic simulation output.We present ASADAL PROTO, a speci cation and simulation tool for real-time systems, that takes form into account in addition to the function and behavior handled by ASADAL SIM, its predecessor. Simulation of the control system speci cation runs in conjunction with the environmental simulation, and the resulting interactive behavior of the controlled system is observed visually for analysis. Our vision is to incrementally model, simulate and analyze all three views behavior, function, and form of real-time system speci cation for its increased level of con dence a t e arly prototyping stage.

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