In Iran, there is a high diversity of salvia species and accessions which includes 70 species that 40% of them are endemic. The objective of this investigation was to find a practical treatment for germination of salvia species, particularly, endemics and to find conservation issues and appropriate approaches. We observed that there was a huge diversity in color (RGB channels), seed area and 1000-seed weights among the population in this study, including 60 accessions (23 species) that thirteen of them (five species) are endemic of Iran. These accessions were soaked in four gibberllic acid (GA3) levels (0, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L). The germination rate and percentage of 62% of accessions were, extremely, increased in response to the GA3 treatment; nonetheless, some accessions did not germinate at all which indicates that there are demands for more efforts to conserve these accessions. Germination percentage of endemic species was significantly lower than non-endemic ones, indicating a serious concern for their conservation. A significant correlation between the 1000-seed weights and area under germination percentage curve (AUGPC) was found that indicates seeds were evolved to have more storage to survive for a long time until germination.

Medicinal plants play a key role in the human health and have a huge share in the global economy. Cultivation of Salvia species is increasing mainly due to high commercial worth of this plant in food, medicine, perfumery, and cosmetic industries. The aims of this research were: (1) to determine drought tolerant Salvia spp. and (2) examining drought stress effects on germination and seedling growth, separately. Seeds of 36 Salvia accessions (15 species) collected from different regions of Iran were primarily treated by soaking and gibberellic acid was used to break the seed dormancy. Afterwards, germination rate, percentage and early seedling growth were measured in two separate tests with four osmotic potentials: 0 (control), -0.3, -0.6, and -0.9 MPa using polyethylene glycol (PEG, 6000). The principal-component analysis (PCA) summarized all traits into two components ("germination" and "seedling growth") in all osmotic treatments. There was significant correlation between germination traits and among seedling growth traits in -0.3 and -0.6 MPa, but correlation between the traits of two components was not significant. Tolerance of genotypes to drought stress in germination and seedling stage showed a high diversity. Tolerant accessions for both components are suitable for cultivation in controlled conditions, but tolerant accessions only for "seedling growth" component, probably would be appropriate for distribution in their habitats for conservation purposes. However, the accessions which simply germinate at water stress conditions, but are susceptible at seedling stage, will die and lose their seed bank in the soil.