In this paper we discuss how art workshops can be used to examine dimensions of belonging. We draw on our findings of collaborative ethnographic fieldwork with unaccompanied refugee minors in Finland. The practical aim of the art project was to offer a platform for transcultural communication and interaction, and to support mutual understanding and solidarity among the refugee minors and Finnish pupils. The collaborative ethnographic approach gave us an opportunity to meet the young people through working together and be equally active members of the group sharing the same classroom. Theoretically we aim to enlarge the understanding of the sense of belonging and the role of the subjective agency of the unaccompanied minors, including everyday participation. We highlight the practices through which the minors can be supported in an embracing manner in their everyday lives in new host societies.
Artikkelissa tarkastelemme suomalaista uutisointia yksin maahan saapuneista pakolaisnuorista. Aineisto koostuu Aamulehden, Helsingin Sanomien ja Ylen teksteistä vuosilta 2014–2016. Tämä ajanjakso on ollut merkittävä määrällisesti poikkeuksellisen Eurooppaan kohdistuneen maahanmuuton vuoksi. Kysymme, miten suomalaisessa uutismediassa kerrotaan yksin tulleiden nuorten tilanteesta? Millaiset teemat ovat juttujen keskiössä? Entä mitkä aihepiirit jäävät marginaaliin? Aineiston analyysin pohjalta väitämme, että kaikissa kolmessa mediassa toistuvat epäilyksen ja myötätunnon representaatiot entisestään kaventavat julkista keskustelua yksin tulleiden nuorten arjesta, vaikeuksista ja mahdollisuuksista uudessa kotimaassaan. Myöskään nuorten omaa toimijuutta ei juuri nosteta esille näissä medioissa. Artikkelimme ottaa laajemmin kantaa kahteen yhteiskunnalliseen kysymyksen. Yhtäältä jäsennämme, miten suomalainen media raportoi yksin tulleisiin liittyvästä maahanmuuttopolitiikasta ja erityisesti biopoliittisista käytännöistä. Toisaalta osoitamme, miten analyysin kohteeksi valitsemiemme medioiden välittämät representaatiot vahvistavat uhri- ja uhkadiskursseja. Nämä diskurssit eivät tue nuorten kotoutumista saati heidän aktiivista toimijuuttaan heille uuden yhteiskunnan jäseninä.
The N-S drift of sunspot groups has been studied in a different way than previously, using positions of recurrent groups of the years 1874-1976. The existence of the meridional motions, the general shape of the drift curves, and the dissimilarity between these curves around sunspot maxima and minima, are all confirmed. In addition, also for the angular velocity of the Sun the same material gives differences around the times of sunspot maxima and minima.
Some earlier investigations seem to indicate that sunspots show an average drift in latitude which varies sinusoidally with the period of the double sunspot cycle (about 22 years), while the same investigations do not show similar variability with the period of the single sunspot cycle (about 11 years). Other studies, however, show that the drift of sunspots varies with the period of the single sunspot cycle. There seems to be a discrepancy between the two results. The problem is reinvestigated on the basis of long-lived sunspot groups, but treating the material in a way different from that used before. This procedure, which uses central values of the proper motions of the groups instead of their average values, gives an additional proof of the reality of the ll-year period of the drift. It also seems to produce the 22-year period, but there is such a difference between the variabilities of the drift found on the basis of the two methods that the 22-year cycle of the drift is made doubtful.
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