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The study focused on the monsoonal distribution of plankton in a rain fed partial lake inSonapur, Noakhali district, Bangladesh. Three sampling sites were chosen between Sonapur zero point andNoakhali Science and Technology University. Four groups of phytoplankton such as Chlorophyceae (11genera), Bacillariophyceae (6 genera), Cyanophyceae (6 genera) and Euglenophyceae (3 genera) andfour groups of zooplankton such as Rotifera (10 genera), Cladocera (3 genera), Copepode (2 genera) andCrustacea (2 genera) were identified. The lake was found to be organic polluted (Palmer’s algal pollutionindex value: 22.33). The average wet land zooplankton index (WZI) value of this lake was estimated 3.72means moderate water quality. During the sampling periods some important physico-chemical parameterslike temperature (29-30 ?C), pH (7.8-8.2), transparency (6.5-13.50 cm), free CO2 (8.00-12.00 mg/l), totalalkalinity (13.00-14.50 mg/l), ammonia (0.1-0.5 mg/l), nitrate (0.05-0.25 mg/l), nitrite (0.03-0.07),phosphate (0.1-0.9 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (2-3.5 mg/l) and total suspended solids (4.0×10-4-5.3×10-4mg/l) were also determined as supporting water quality statement.

Climate change poses a challenge to the security and long-term viability of the global food supply chain. Climate unpredictability and extreme weather events have significant impacts on Saudi Arabia’s vulnerable food system, which is already under stress. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia faces distinct challenges in comparison to other dry locations across the world. Here, the per capita water demand is high, the population is growing, the water resources are extremely limited, and there is little information on the existing groundwater supplies. Consequently, it is anticipated that there will be formidable obstacles in the future. In order to make data-driven decisions, policymakers should be aware of causal links. The complex concerns pertaining to the Saudi Arabian food system were analyzed and rationally explained in the current study. A causality analysis examined different driving factors, including temperature, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) that cause vulnerabilities in the country’s food system. The results of the long-run causality test show that GDP has a positive causal relationship with the demand for food, which implies that the demand for food will increase in the long run with an increase in GDP. The result also shows that Saudi Arabia’s GDP and population growth are contributing to the increase in their total GHG emissions. Although the Kingdom has made some efforts to combat climate change, there are still plenty of opportunities for it to implement some of the greatest strategies to guarantee the nation’s food security. This study also highlights the development of appropriate policy approaches to diversify its import sources to ensure future food security.

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Zooplankton are found very sensitive to even slight aquatic pollution due to a number of chemical imbalances in freshwater bodies. As an amazing tiny creature zooplankton play a very crucial role in the aquatic food chain by transferring energy from primary levels to tertiary organisms. For many years it has been well established that zooplankton act as promising biological indicators to continuously fluctuating aquatic environments and subsequently to global warming. While reacting to these aquatic environmental fluctu-ations, zooplankton population growth can either be stimulated or inhibited. The presence or absence of particular zooplankton species can reveal the trophic status of the water body. Moreover, in a harsh env-ironment, algal toxins may have drastic effects on the behavioral characteristics of zooplankton.