IMPORTANCE Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a complex genetic disorder that is associated with not only neurofibromas, but also an increased susceptibility to other neoplasms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of neoplasia and outcomes among patients with NF1. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was conducted among patients with NF1 at a single academic cancer center from 1985 to 2020 with median (range) follow-up of 2.9 years (36 days to 30.5 years). Of 2427 patients evaluated for NF1, 1607 patients who met the National Institutes of Health consensus criteria for NF1 were included. This group was compared with estimates from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Cancer Statistics Review 1975 to 2015 and SEER participants database unless otherwise specified. Data were analyzed from August 2018 to March 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Disease-specific survival (DSS) was measured from diagnosis date to date of neoplasm-specific death or censorship and calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Deaths from disease were considered a DSS end point; other deaths were considered censored observations. Secondary outcome measures were comparisons of (1) overall survival of patients with NF1 with neurofibroma neoplasms vs those without nonneurofibroma neoplasms, (2) neoplasm prevalence in the NF1 group vs general population estimates, and (3) age at diagnosis in the NF1 group vs general population estimates for the most common neoplasms in the NF1 group. RESULTS Among 1607 patients with NF1, the median (range) age at initial visit was 19 years (1 month to 83 years) and 840 (52.3%) were female patients. Among 666 patients who developed other neoplasms in addition to neurofibromas (41.4%), 295 patients (18.4%) developed glioma and 243 patients (15.1%) developed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), the most common neoplasms. Patients with NF1, compared with the general population, developed several neoplasms at a younger mean (SD) age (low-grade glioma: 12.98 [11.

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Aim:To determine if porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) treatment is associated with modulation of wound inflammation in diabetic patients.Patients & methods:mRNA associated with M1 and M2 macrophages were measured in wounds of diabetic and nondiabetic patients pre- and post-treatment with UBM and an M1:M2 score was calculated.Results:Wound tissue from diabetic subjects exhibited elevated M1:M2 scores compared with nondiabetic patients, suggesting a greater pro-inflammatory state prior to treatment. Post-treatment, there was significantly greater reduction in the magnitude of the individual M1:M2 scores in the diabetic patients resulting in similar levels in both groups of patients.Conclusions:UBM may assist in diabetic wound healing by restoring an inflammatory state similar to that of nondiabetic patients.

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Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are soft tissue sarcomas that frequently harbor genetic alterations in polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) components-SUZ12 and EED. Here, we show that PRC2 loss confers a dedifferentiated early neural-crest phenotype which is exclusive to PRC2-mutant MPNSTs and not a feature of neurofibromas. Neural crest phenotype in PRC2 mutant MPNSTs was validated via cross-species comparative analysis using spontaneous and transgenic MPNST models. Systematic chromatin state profiling of the MPNST cells showed extensive epigenomic reprogramming or chromatin states associated with PRC2 loss and identified gains of active enhancer states/super-enhancers on early neural crest regulators in PRC2-mutant conditions around genomic loci that harbored repressed/poised states in PRC2-WT MPNST cells. Consistently, inverse correlation between H3K27me3 loss and H3K27Ac gain was noted in MPNSTs. Epigenetic editing experiments established functional roles for enhancer gains on DLX5-a key regulator of neural crest phenotype. Consistently, blockade of enhancer activity by bromodomain inhibitors specifically suppressed this neural crest phenotype and tumor burden in PRC2-mutant PDXs. Together, these findings reveal accumulation of dedifferentiated neural crest like state in PRC2-mutant MPNSTs that can be targeted by enhancer blockade.