REVIEWER Aleksander Szwedek TYPESETTING Karol Szurczak COVER DESIGN Łukasz Orzechowski COVER IMAGE © Depositphotos.com/agsandrewPrinted directly form camera-ready materials provided to the Łódź University Press by the Faculty of Philology

The paper discusses problems involved in analysing the quality of student translation and the type of errors made by students in translation. The authors have developed a TEI-lite conformant corpus of student translations which also includes error category mark-up. This project has allowed the authors to objectively analyse student translation work and has also allowed the students themselves to gain valuable insights into translation problems.

A significant body of cognitive research has identified the way in which temporal horizons are developed in the human mind, as well as the influence they exert on individual and social behavior. This study demonstrates a cognitive schema of temporal horizon that emerges from the frequency of expressions denoting temporal distance in spontaneous linguistic performance of Polish speakers. Linguistic material analyzed in this study includes transcriptions of impromptu conversations conducted in informal personal contexts, which were compiled into a demographically annotated linguistic corpus that amounts to 2.4 million words. The results reveal that the temporal horizon functions predominantly within three distinctive brackets corresponding to one day, one year, and up to 50 year periods. Moreover, the findings indicate that it tends to alter dynamically with age.

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Portable multimedia devices shape the intensity of intercultural contacts not only through content consumption but also through content creation. Enabling learners to participate in content exchange via the Web 2.0 paradigm (audiences as both media consumers and media creators) can be employed to create new forms of acquiring knowledge. This study demonstrates an application of m-learning in a situated in-the-field examination of cultural diversity with the Linguistic Landscape approach. The application is shown from the pedagogical perspective of authentic, informal learning activities conducted in the framework of connectivism. The examination of cultural diversity is conducted in the context of a local environment, i.e. a location familiar to learners. This paper presents a scenario of m-learning activities intended to demonstrate that cultural awareness is often biased by subjective perspectives and stereotypes. Autonomous discovery of this phenomenon results in elevation of learners' openness toward other cultures, which contributes to intercultural competence development.