This study examines the investment in technology over time in an effort to achieve sustainability and secondarily to support green initiatives by minimizing environmental impacts. The literature suggests integrated supply chain contractors emphasize efficiency and flexibility which leads to organizational performance improvements. This study compares productivity changes in the logistics industry measures after significant RFID investments over time. Productivity ratios collected for the fiscal years of 2000-2013 from financial statements are used to investigate technology investments effects.Since 2003, many end users (Wal-Mart specifically) mandated the implementation of RFID technology as one part of a larger system in reaching long term sustainability objectives. Historically, B2B customers and retailers have either built in-house logistic systems or have relied on either shippers services, i.e., third party logistic suppliers (3PL) or independent fourth party logistic suppliers (4PL). Logistic companies that have invested in logistical technologies aimed at sustainability strategies have improved financial ratios during the period studied. Interestingly, companies who have not fully implemented technology enhancements because of logistic service type have not seen improvements in productivity at the same level as others in the supply chain during this same period.

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This paper presents an analysis of the Internet access market using a game theoretic model. In particular, we consider the Nash equilibrium of the service providers and examine their behavior on network investment and output level. We calibrate this model to fit the industry structure and data found in rural markets. In the first part of the paper, we examine the Internet industry structure and its characteristics. Based on the industry structure, we create a Cournot duopoly model, in which real world cost and revenue projections are used to find Internet access market equilibrium. In conclusion, we analyze social welfare of the equilibrium. These analyses allow us to explain the motivation for the rural ISPs' behavior, such as over-subscription and under-investment and to present an analytical framework for Internet industry policy makers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.