In this paper we are concerned with the following question: Are the benzylpenicilloyl and the benzylpenicillenate groups specific determinants of allergic reactions to benzylpenicillin in man? 1 Since simple organic molecules combine covalently with proteins as a preliminary step in the induction of the hypersensitive state, it seems clear that penicillin itself, which is incapable of reacting in the required manner with protein, must be regarded as a precursor of some derivative which possesses this necessary capacity. Penicillenic acid could well be the derivative in question since it forms spontaneously and readily from penicillin in neutral aqueous solution and is a highly reactive molecule capable of coupling with protein sulfhydryl and amino groups forming S-penicillenate and N-penicilloyl substituents, respectively (1, 2). Moreover, penicillenate-and penicilloyl-protein conjugates, prepared in vitro and injected into experimental animals, have been shown to be potent antigens (1). Elicitation of whealand-erythema responses in humans with well documented histories of penicillin hypersensitivity seemed to offer the most direct means for evaluating the determinant role of penicillenate and penicilloyl groups. Our preliminary studies in man using penicilloyl-and penicillenate-proteins as test reagents showed an encouraging correlation between positive wheal-and-erythema responses and a *

Occlusion of the maxillary ostium is considered to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis. In this study, the authors determined the effect of ostial occlusion on pressure in the rabbit maxillary sinus which, like most humans, has only one ostium. We compared pressures in the normal and occluded maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized adult animals. Serial pressure measurements were obtained from sinuses with patent ostia in nasal-breathing rabbits and with occluded ostia in both nasal-breathing and tracheotomized animals. Sinuses with patent ostia showed pressure curves synchronous with the respiratory cycle. Inspiratory and expiratory pressures in the nasal cavity and the sinus were isobaric. Sinuses with occluded ostia initially developed a positive pressure followed by a negative pressure that reached a subatmospheric plateau of -28.2 +/- 7.3 mm H2O (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) within 20 to 50 minutes. This is the first quantitative study of sinus pressures using the rabbit as an animal model. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role of ostial occlusion in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis in humans.

Internal oxidation often occurs in electrical steels during decarburization anneals of sufficiently long time and high oxygen potential, resulting in deterioration of magnetic properties. Relationships between subscale thickness, anneal time, and effective oxygen potential of the anneal atmosphere were established for a Si-Al-bearing electrical steel. These kinetics are described by a Rhines diffusion equation modified to accommodate the oxygen potential. Electron microprobe and Auger spectroscopy confirmed the significance of solute element diffusion. Permeability at 1.5 T was found to decrease about 50 units for each micron of subscale thickness, while core loss remained essentially constant. SEM observations of the fine structure were used to estimate that the coercivity of the subscale is sufficiently high that this region is barely magnetized. Thus, the induction of the clean interior metal must be higher than the measured average value, resulting in reduced apparent permeability. Good agreement with observation was obtained.

Abstract. We solve a nonlinear problem Au = N(u) where A is semiFredholm and N is a nonlinear compact operator.1. Introduction. The operator equation Au -N(u) = /where A is a linear and TV is a nonlinear operator from a Banach space X to a Banach space Y has been studied extensively in recent literature. For discussions of the problem when one of the operators is monotone, see for instance [3] apply when A is a $+ operator, N is compact and the operators satisfy certain inequalities. We will be working with A a $_ operator and we have attempted to simplify the conditions on A and N and to present a simple proof of our main theorem based on a fixed point theorem. The technique is similar to that of [13].The following theorem follows from our main result: Let X and Y be Banach spaces, A a $_ operator from X to Y, and N a compact operator from X to Y. Let Z be such that Y = Z © R (A). Z can be renormed to form a Hubert space. Let S be a bounded linear operator from Y to X such that Q = AS is a bounded projection onto R(A), and let P be a bounded projection of Y onto Z along R(A). Let T be a compact map from

For a given endomorphism on a unitary k-algebra, A, with k in the center of A, there are definitions of twisted cyclic and Hochschild homology. This paper will show that the method used to define them can be used to define twisted de Rham homology. The main result is that twisted de Rham homology can be thought of as the kernel of the Connes map from twisted cyclic homology to twisted Hochschild homology.