Sixty-four Ss were asked to read a lengthy prose passage and were subsequently tested for (a) information recall, (b) memory for location of information answers; and (c) discrimination of information answers in a multiple-choice (MC) task. In aggrement with previous studies, spatial memory was highly reliable and significantly greater for correct than incorrect information answers. However, the present experiments showed that cueing Ss to a spatial test did not raise the level of spatial recall over that for a noncued group. Further, proportion of both item and spatial recall was found to increase directly with degree of visual memory for location as indexed by a five-point subjective knowledge scale. There was also a general trend for multiple-choice performance ot improve as degree of visual knowledge for an answer's true location increased. It is apparent that visually mediated spatial memory is a fundamental attribute when text material is encoded, and may be of mnemonic worth when retention of information is required.

Two experiments that investigated the reliability of spatial retention for information recall from text material are reported. In Experiment I, 40 subjects read a 4,000-word passage and were asked to (a) answer 20 fill-in questions, (b) rate confidence, and (c) indicate the place on the page of the correct fill-in answer. Text material was typed in four quadrants on a page, and subjects indicated spatial knowledge by checking a square corresponding to a specific corner on the page. Experiment II included a multiple-choice test following fill-in questions.In both experiments, spatial recall was highly reliable. Also, spatial retention was more likely for right than wrong fill-in answers. However, spatial memory apparently did not affect confidence in item recall; nor, did a spatial attribute contribute to differential multiplechoice performance. Spatial memory was interpreted as reflecting a shift in the subject's attribute hierarchy to a less dominant attribute of memory.Students occasionally report the vexing When retention is tested for textbook mateexperience of being unable to recall an answer to an examination question, but of being able to remember exactly where the answer is located on a textbook page. Underwood (1969) suggested that these reports, and similar experiences, provide evidence for a spatial attribute of memory, although the reliability of these reports remains relatively undocumented. Furthermore, the significance of a spatial attribute for information recall from text material has not been investigated. The present paper addresses itself to these problems.According to an attribute theory of memory, a spatial attribute is considered primarily discriminative in function (Underwood, 1969). That is, it is likely that spatial encoding permits differentiation between memories such that less interference would be expected between memories of distinct spatial disposition. In this respect, spatial recall may also serve as a highly effective retrieval system (Bower, 1970).

The external validity of the hypothesis that couples come to be matched on physical attractiveness was examined for same and opposite sex pairs of college students in a wide range of natural settings and types of relationships. Correlations between ratings of couples by observers revealed evidence of matching for male friends and for opposite sex friends, dating, and committed couples. No evidence was found for female friends. The implications of these findings for fear of social rejection and exchange explanations of the matching hypothesis and for the normal development of interpersonal relationships are discussed.

The present study examined the problem of exaggerated reporting of drug use on a drug survey questionnaire by including a bogus drug in the survey. An extensive drug survey including questions about the bogus drug was administered to 628 high school students. The results indicated that the admitted users of the bogus drug were significantly different from the other Ss on almost every question concerning drug use. Their responses were consistently in the direction of increased drug use. On the other hand, the base rate of such a response bias was so small that inclusion of these Ss in the total sample did not significantly alter the proportions of Ss admitting or denying the use of various drugs.

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