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In the absence of the recognition of the emotional sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI), many patients are deprived of adequate treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and explore the clinical picture among TBI patients. Twenty four outpatients with diagnosed head injuries following various traumas filled out standardized questionnaires, assessing post-traumatic residuals. Thirty-three per cent of these patients met criteria for PTSD diagnosis. The clinical picture of PTSD following TBI is somewhat distinguished from those following other traumatic events. Issues concerning the specific nature of the syndrome following TBI, and the difficulties in differentiating between PTSD and postconcussive syndrome, are discussed.

Within a clinical demonstration program, three groups oftraumatically brain injured patients were treated with three different mixes of treatment. Mix 1 included cognitive remediation, small-group interpersonal communication training, therapeutic community activities, and personal counseling. Mix 2 was similar to Mix 1 but stressed small-group interpersonal exercises and eliminated cognitive remediation. Mix 3 emphasized cognitive remediation and eliminated small-group interpersonal exercises. The efficacy of these treatment mixes was evaluatedwithperformance on neuropsychological tests, improved independence in functional activities, measures ofintra-and interpersonal functioning, and vocational outcome.