Adipic acid is one of the most important small molecules in the modern chemical industry. However, the damaging environmental impact of the current industrial synthesis of adipic acid has necessitated the development of greener, biobased approaches to its manufacture. Herein we report the first one-pot synthesis of adipic acid from guaiacol, a lignin-derived feedstock, using genetically engineered whole-cells of Escherichia coli. The reaction is mild, efficient, requires no additional additives or reagents, and produces no byproducts. This study demonstrates how modern synthetic biology can be used to valorize abundant feedstocks into industrially relevant small molecules in living cells.

Microorganisms can be programmed to perform chemical synthesis via metabolic engineering.However,despite an increasing interest in the use of de novo metabolic pathways and designer whole-cells for small molecule synthesis,t he inherent synthetic capabilities of native microorganisms remain underexplored. Herein, we report the use of unmodified E. coli BL21(DE3) cells for the reduction of keto-acrylic compounds and apply this whole-cell biotransformation to the synthesis of aminolevulinic acid from al ignin-derived feedstock.T he reduction reaction is rapid, chemo-, and enantioselective,occurs under mild conditions (37 8 8C, aqueous media), and requires no toxic transition metals or external reductants. This study demonstrates the remarkable promiscuity of central metabolism in bacterial cells and how these processes can be leveraged for synthetic chemistry without the need for genetic manipulation.Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

Microorganisms can be programmed to perform chemical synthesis via metabolic engineering. However, despite an increasing interest in the use of de novo metabolic pathways and designer wholecells for small molecule synthesis, the inherent synthetic capabilities of native microorganisms remain underexplored. Herein we report the use of unmodified E. coli BL21(DE3) cells for the reduction of ketoacrylic compounds and apply this whole-cell biotransformation to the synthesis of aminolevulinic acid from a lignin-derived feedstock. The reduction reaction is rapid, chemo-and enantioselective, occurs under mild conditions (37 ˚C, aqueous media) and requires no toxic transition metals or external reductants. This study demonstrates the remarkable promiscuity of central metabolism in bacterial cells and how these processes can be leveraged for synthetic chemistry without the need for genetic manipulation.