In the Asia-Pacific region, heart failure (HF) is associated with significant health and socioeconomic burden. Given the differences in the epidemiology of HF, as well as the availability of healthcare resources between Asian and Western countries, an Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) working group developed consensus recommendations on the management of chronic HF in the Asia-Pacific region. The APSC expert panel reviewed and appraised the available evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Consensus recommendations were developed and put to an online vote. Consensus was reached when 80% of votes for a given recommendation were either ‘agree’ or ‘neutral’. The resulting statements provide guidance on the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of patients with HF with reduced, mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction in the Asia-Pacific region.

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Pacific Society of Cardiology; this did not influence peer review. DPC has received consulting fees from the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC); support for travel to meetings for the study or otherwise from the APSC; grants/grants pending from Roche Diagnostics and AstraZeneca; and payment for the development of educational presentations, including service on speakers' bureaus, from AstraZeneca. AYYF is an Associate Editor and NNQ and WAM are on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology; this did not influence peer review. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Acknowledgements: The authors thank Ivan Olegario for medical writing support.