Thirty physical science and 30 chemistry.classes, which contained a total of 1332 students, were observed using the Brophy-Good Teacher-Child Dyadic Interaction System. Classroom interactions were examined for gender differences that may contribute to the undempresentation of women in physics and engineering courses and subsequent careers. The Brophy-Good coding process allows for examination of patterns of interactions for individuals and groups of pupils. An analysis of variance of the data yielded a significant main effect for teacher praise, call outs, procedural questions, and behavioral wamings based on the sex of the student and a significant teacher-sex main effect for direu questions. Significant two-way interactions were found for the behavioral warning variable for teacher sex and subject by student sex, Female teachers warned male students significantly more than female students. Male teachers warned both genders with similar frequency. Male students also received significantly more behavioral warnings in physical science classes than female students. In chemistry classes, both male and female students received approximately the same number of behavioral wamings.(1986) reports that women cmstitute half of the work force in the U.S. but make up only 3% of the engineers.Women often lack the necessary high school prerequisites to enter college science and technical programs. Scholastic Aptitude Scores (SAT) and achievement tests often

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Two different study sites (University of Maryland at College Park and State University College at Buffalo) were examined to see if the completion of an environmental studies course affected the defensibility of environmental attitudes. The general trend was toward a more defensible attitude (one with more informational supports). These observations support a hypothetical connection between the cognitive and affective domain and suggest that after being exposed to environment content, student attitudes should be examined for stronger attitudinal supports rather than large changes in attitudes.

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