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A mathematical model of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell is presented. The complete electrochemical and thermal factors are accounted for in a rigorous manner. All required parameters are determined from independent sources; none are fit from performance data. To verify the accuracy of the model predictions, comparison is made with single cell test data from Westinghouse. Agreement with electrochemical and thermal results are within 5%, and for most points, much better. Predictions are shown for power-voltage, irreversibilities, and temperature and current distributions under various conditions.

This study examined sulfur tolerant materials for solid oxide fuel cells ͑SOFCs͒ operating on H 2 S and H 2 S containing fuels, focusing on the stability and electrochemical performance of perovskite-type materials in a H 2 S atmosphere under SOFC operating conditions (P ϭ 1 atm, T Ͼ 800°C). Preliminary results indicate anodes of the general form La x Sr y VO 3Ϫ␦ are stable and active toward the electrochemical oxidation of H 2 S. In particular, an SOFC using La 0.7 Sr 0.3 VO 3 as the anode has shown good performance at H 2 S levels of 10%, over 5000 times greater than the H 2 S tolerance level of contemporary Ni-based systems. The results are promising due to the drastic improvement in sulfur tolerance compared to the current generation of SOFC anode materials.